Habitat

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Habitat

• Where an organism lives

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Ocean Basin

• Depressions filed with sea water that we call
  oceans

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Pacific

• Largest and deepest

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Atlantic Indian

• About half the size as the Pacific almost as
  deep

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Arctic

• Smallest and shallowest

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Density

• Mass per unit volume
• D m/V

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Earth's Structure

• Inner core 0-1200 km
• Outer core 1200-2500 km
• Mantle 2500-6300 km
• Crust Outer most 100 km

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Oceanic Crust

• Crust directly under oceans
• thin dense
• made of mostly basalt

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Continental Crust

• Crust containing the continents
• thick less dense
• Made of mostly granite

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Plate Tectonics

• The Earths crust is made up of many plate that
  are in constant motion

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Pangaea

• Original supercontinent containing all of the
  present day continents

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Plate Boundary

• Crack between plates
• Where two plate meet
• Fault line
• Rift

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Types of Boundaries

• Mid-ocean Ridges
• Subduction Boundary
• Shear Boundary
• Mountain Range

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Mid-Ocean Ridge

• Spreading center
• Continuous chain of volcanic submarine mountains
  that encircle the globe
• Like seams on a baseball

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Subduction

• When an oceanic plate slides under another plate
• Both volcanic and earthquake activity occur
• Forms very deep trenches

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Shear Boundary

• When two plates slide parallel to each other
• Only earthquake activity
• San Andreas Fault

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Mountain Range

• Forms when two continental plates collide

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Hot Spot

• Forms when there is enough heat upwelling to form
  a volcano, but not enough to form a mid-ocean
  ridge

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Continental Margin

• Where the continent meets the sea

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Active Margin

• A continental margin that is geologically active
• A continental margin near a plate boundary
• USAs west coast

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Passive Margin

• A continental margin with no geological activity
• A continental margin not near a plate boundary
• USAs east coast

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Sediment

• Loose material like sand or mud that settles to
  the bottom of any body of water
• Sediment thickness increases as you move from
  m-o-r

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Types of Sediment

• Lithogenous from a non-living source
• Biogenous from a living source

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Calcareous Ooze

• Carbon based sediment
• Sediment containing calcium carbonate
• CaCO3

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Siliceous Ooze

• Silicon based sediment
• Sediment containing silicon dioxide or silicates
• SiO2 or SiO4-4

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Seamounts

• Oceanic volcanoes that do not penetrate the
  surface of the ocean

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Guyots

• Flat-topped seamounts
• Seamounts that are no longer active

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Hydrothermal Vent

• Oceanic hot spot where hot gases escape through
  the ocean floor

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Black Smoker

• Another name for hydrothermal vents
• As hydrogen sulfide gas precipitates in cold
  water, you get a black precipitate

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Passive Margins Parts

• Continental shelf
• Shelf break
• Continental slope
• Continental rise
• The Abyss

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Continental Shelf

• Nearly flat, slightly sloping, not too deep area
  just off the shoreline

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Shelf Break

• Where the continental shelf abruptly breaks off
  into a steep slope

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Continental Slope

• The steeply sloping part of the margin that goes
  from the shelf break to the ocean floor

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Continental Rise

• Where sediment builds up between the slope and
  the abyss

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The Abyss

• The Ocean Floor
• The Abyssal plain

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Active Margin Parts

• Continental Shelf
• Shelf Break
• Continental Slope
• Trench
• The Abyss

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Pelagic

• In the water column or at any depth in the sea

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Pelagic Zones

• Epipelagic
• Mesopelagic
• Bathopelagic
• Abyssopelagic
• Hadopelagic

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Epipelagic Zone

• Surface water where light can penetrate
  photosynthesis can take place
• Photic zone

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Mesopelagic Zone

• Middle zone, just below the epipelagic where no
  light penetrates, but is shadowy
• Twilight zone

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Bathopelagic Zone

• Deep ocean water where no light penetrates and it
  is pitch black
• Complete darkness

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Abyssopelagic Zone

• The water near the sea floor
• Bottom water

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Hadopelagic Zone

• Sea water in the deep trenches
• Trench water

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The Deep Sea

• Because the bathopelagic, abyssopelagic,
  hadopelagic zones are so similar, they are lumped
  together as the deep sea