Exotic Germplasm

1
Exotic Germplasm A
Commercial Perspective

• GEM Cooperator Meeting Jerry Rice
  Dec. 7, 2005

2
Exotic Germplasm Unadapted Germplasm

• i.e. South American Germplasm
• ? into North America

3
Exotic Germplasm / Other Crops

• Cotton G. harknesii cms Restorer
  Genes (hybrid cotton)
• Grain Sorghum World Collection (PI) Greenbug
  Biotype Resistance

4
Importance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding

• Disease Tolerance
• Insect Tolerance
• Increased Genetic Diversity
• Increased Yield
• Enhanced Stability across Environments
• Specialty Traits

5
Exotic Germplasm / Challenges

• Difficult to evaluate
• Photoperiod Sensitivity? unattractive phenotype
• Tall plants with high ear placement
• Standability Issues ? generally have weak roots
• High Harvest Moisture ? generally later maturity
• Tight husks and slow dry-down
• Requires more Resources
• Larger Popn size and more segregates to evaluate
• Long Term Investment (success in 2nd to 3rd Gen.)

6
Exotic Germplasm Breeding
7
Importance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding

• Disease Tolerance
• Insect Tolerance
• Increased Genetic Diversity
• Increased Yield
• Enhanced Stability across Environments
• Specialty Traits

8
Previous Experience / Cargill Hybrid Seeds

• Brazil
• Argentina
• Mexico
• South Africa
• Thailand
• Italy Research Liaison Tech. Advisor

• Philippines
• China
• France
• Germany
• Pakistan

9
Current DAS / Mycogen Seeds

• Argentina
• Brazil
• Mexico
• Philippines

10
Germplasm Pools / Opportunities

• USA
• Stiff Stalks
• Non-Stiff Stalks
• Iodents
• Other

• International Programs
• Tuxpeno
• Tuson
• ETO
• Cateto
• Caribbean
• Suwan

11
Exotic Germplasm with International Program

• Shuttle Breeding Opportunities
• Introgression Breeding Projects
• Exchange Elite Inbreds
• All Possibilities (all countries within
  between)
• Observation
• Evaluation
• 
  

12
Shuttle Breeding -- Example

• USA initiation of Trop (Brz)/Temp SSS Popn
• Brazil recycle (3) popn (earliness dis. tol.)
• USA advance, select, testcross (350?
  2) multiple testers ? med. yield / not adv.
• Brazil multiple testers ? med. yield / not adv.
• Argentina multiple testers ? med. yield / not
  adv.
• S. Africa multiple testers ? high yield,
  GCA, Primary Tester for yellow program

13
Inbred Exchange / Opportunities

• USA Obs. elite lines from Brazil
• Impressive plant health
• Impressive GLS tolerance
• Argentina Obs. elite lines from all countries
• Complementary gene action / MRCV tol.
• Impressive MRCV tolerance
• Brazil Obs. elite lines from USA
• Earliness with sufficient plant health

14
Introgression Projects

• 2005 Data Yield H2O
• MycoSSS(12.5Brz)S3/TS-A 212 20.0
• MycoSSS(12.5Brz)S3/TS-B 206 19.4
• Commercial Hybrid Check 1 201 19.6
• Commercial Hybrid Check 2 216 20.1

15
Introgression Projects

• 2005 Data Yield H2O
• TS-C/ MycoNSS(25Brz)S4 205 19.3
• Commercial Hybrid Check 1 207 19.6

16
Introgression Projects

• 2005 Data Yield H2O
• TS-C/ MycoNSS(50Arg)S2A 217 20.0
• TS-C/ MycoNSS(50Arg)S2B 213 22.3
• Commercial Hybrid Check 1 203 19.8

17
Introgression Projects

• 2005 Data Yield H2O
• TS-C/ MycoNSS(50Brz)S1A 205 19.5
• Best Commercial Check 190 19.4
• TS-E/ MycoNSS(25Brz)S1B 216 19.2
• Best Commercial Check 197 20.3

18
Importance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding

• Disease Tolerance
• Insect Tolerance
• Increased Yield (Grain and/or Silage)
• Enhanced Stability across Environments
• Specialty Traits
• Kernel Composition (starch, AA, oil, etc.)
• Kernel Quality (food corn milling)
• Others

19
AN EXCELLENT SOURCE OF EXOTIC GERMPASM ?

• GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT OF MAIZE (GEM) PROGRAM !!!

20
GEM Mission Increase Genetic Diversity

• Introgression of Exotic Germplasm into Temperate
  Germplasm utilizing
• LAMP Accessions (Exotic Sources)
• Evaluated for Yield and Adaptation
• Elite Temperate Germplasm
• Via Germplasm Contributions from GEM Cooperators

21
GEM Exotic Sources / Available

• GEM Cooperators have the following types of
  Exotic Germplasm available from the base GEM
  Program
• Populations (F2s and BCs)
• S1s
• S2s
• GEM Releases (S4s)

22
Why use GEM Exotic Sources

• Solid Germplasm Backgrounds
• Pre-Evaluated LAMP Accessions
• Elite Temperate Germplasm (GEM Cooperators)
• NO Strings Attached for GEM Cooperators
• No Royalties
• No Breeding Restrictions
• Incorporation directly into your Breeding Program

23
Uses of GEM Exotic Sources

• Fold Early Gen. (S1s S2s) into your program
• GEM Popn X Proprietary Lines ? Popn
• Proprietary Popn X GEM Releases ? Popn
• Proprietary Line X GEM Release ? Popn
• Others

24
GEM Popn / Myco Projects

• 2005 Data Yield H2O
• TS-A// GEMBR51403/Myco 196 19.1
• TS-B// GEMBR51403/Myco 191 19.9
• GEM/Cuba164/Myco// TS-C 192 19.1
• Commercial Hybrid Check 193 19.3

25
GEM Popn / Myco Projects

• Improvements
• GEMBR51403/Myco
• Improved Plant Health
• Increased K-rows on ear
• Improved Grain Texture (harder texture)
• GEMCuba164/Myco
• Improved Grain Texture
• (Tall plant with high ear placement)

26
GEMBR51403/Myco
27
GEMCuba164/Myco
28
University of Wisconsin / J.G. Coors, D.T.
Eilert,
P.J. Flannery / 2004 GEM Report

• 
  t/a
• 2004 Silage Data Means? Dry Matter Yield
• ARZM17026N1019
• 65008-2-3-1-2 X LH227 44.6 9.91
• 65008-2-3-1-3 X LH227 43.4 9.44
• Mean of 4 Checks 41.3 8.55

29
University of Delaware / J.A. Hawk T.
Weldekidan / 2004 GEM Report

• 2004 Data Yield H2O
• Pioneer 31G98 223 22.5
• PioSSS/DK212TN11a10)-107-2 216 22.7
• PioSSS/DK212TN11a10)-156-1 212 22.6
• Pioneer 33B51 211 21.9
• Pioneer 34H31 200 20.5

30
USDA-ARS / P. Scott M. Blanco
2004 GEM Report

• AA Index of DKXL212N11a-139-1-1-B-B-B
• Top Ranked sample in the AA indexing ranking
  study (Met Trp Lys 0.5 Thr) outperforming
  the high ranking checks
• Line has an unusually well balance AA content

31
Importance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding

• Disease Tolerance
• Insect Tolerance
• Increased Yield (Grain and/or Silage)
• Enhanced Stability across Environments
• Specialty Traits
• Kernel Composition (starch, AA, oil, etc.)
• Kernel Quality (food corn milling)
• Others

32
Exotic Germplasm A
Commercial Perspective

• Thank you for your Attention and for your
  Interest!!