A Maize Translational Research and Educational Collaborative

1
A Maize Translational Research and Educational
Collaborative

• A presentation for the GEM program
• 5 December 2007
• Chicago Illinois
• Bill Beavis
• GF Sprague Professor, ISU
• Director, NCGR

2
Maize R D Enterprise(circa 1980)

• Public Maize Breeders Provided Leadership in
• Developing Quantitative and Population Genetic
  Theory
• Translating Theory to Innovative Breeding
  Methods
• Releasing Useful Sources of Genetic Diversity
• Preparing the Next Generation of Plant Breeders

3
Maize R D Enterprise(post genomics - 2007)
Basic
Applied
Translational
Discovery Modeling
Prepare Next Gen
Innovative Breeding Methods
Prepare Next Gen
QG Models
Develop Germplasm
Develop Release Elite Lines and Hybrids
Commercial XX - XX XX
- - XXX
USDA-ARS X - X X
- X --
Academic XX XX x x
x ? --
4
Accelerated Recovery of Recurrent (Elite) Parent
using MABC
BC1
BC2
BC3
BC6
Traditional Backcross
Recurrent Parent
75.0
87.7
93.3
99.0
MA Backcross
S. Kumpatla Dow AgroSciences
Recurrent Parent
85.5
98.0
100
Donor Genome
Recurrent Genome
Cross-over Region
5
htp genotyping
S. Eathington Monsanto
6
Case 2 Genetic information and htp
genotyping.Marker Assisted Recurrent Selection
S. Eathington Monsanto
7
Is There a Role for the Academic Maize Breeder in
the R D Enterprise ?
Basic
Applied
Translational
Discovery Modeling
Prepare Next Gen
Innovative Breeding Methods
Prepare Next Gen
QG Models
Develop Germplasm
Develop Release Elite Lines and Hybrids

• Options
• Abandon Maize to the commercial sector
• Abandon translational research to ARS and
  commercial sector
• Redefine our role in translational research and
  education

8
Redefine our role in translational research and
education
While there is very little funding for
translational research There is some USDA-NRI
52.1 Plant Genome (D) Applied Plant Genomics
Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP)
Maize Translational Research and Education
Collaborative (Maize-TREC) Principle
Investigators Rex Bernardo Martin Bohn Natalia
de Leon Thomas Lubberstedt Torbert Rocheford
Patrick Schnable Margaret Smith
9
Maize-TREC

• Reestablish leadership in development of
  quantitative genetic models, development of
  innovative breeding methods, release of useful
  germplasm resources, and educating the next
  generation of plant breeders.
• Integrated research (40), educational (40) and
  extension (20) projects that identify, validate,
  and exploit the genetic bases of adaptation in
  maize.

10
Maize-TREC Specific Objectives

• Identify functional alleles (haplotypes)
  responsible for adaptation of maize to production
  agricultural environments.
• Assign breeding values to functional adaptation
  alleles (haplotypes) in multiple environmental
  and genetic backgrounds.
• Develop and test methods to rapidly accumulate
  adaptation alleles in unadapted populations.

• Integrate the use of omics based information
  into plant breeding methods curricula.
• Prepare the next generation of plant breeders for
  team-based research.
• Diversify the educational base of plant breeding
  graduate students.

Develop a sustainable funding model for
translational research and education in the
plant sciences.
11
Hypothesis Maize Adaptation Traits are
Oligogenic

• Evidence
• Limited number of adaptation traits
• photoperiod, ear-height, grain quality,
  prolificacy, anthesis-silking interval, disease
  resistance, late season stalk strength
• Population Genetic Theory
• Movement of maize from C.A. to N.A. in 5,000
  years.
• Emergence of novel architecture (leaf angle) to
  high density planting in 5 cycles of recurrent
  selection of BSSS.
• Adaptation of Suwan1 and Tuson to photoperiod in
  5 10 generations of recurrent selection.
• QTL and association genetic studies on adaptation
  traits

12
If adaptation traits are oligogenic,

• What is the best breeding strategy to adapt
  landraces to MW production agriculture?
• Case 1
• Absence of genetic information
• Case 2
• Genetic information and htp genotyping
• 1-2 adaptation alleles per locus, 5-6 loci per
  trait, 9-10 traits 50-100 adaptation genes
• gt 0.1 of the functional genome.

13
Case 1 In the absence of genetic
information.The GEM Allelic Diversity Breeding
Method
Winter 1
ExPVP x Exotic Race
Make F1
Summer 1
ExPVP x (ExPVP x Exotic Race)
Make BC1
Summer 2
ExPVP x (ExPVP x Exotic Race) BC1F1
Self (or Make Double Haploid)
Winter 3
ExPVP x (ExPVP x Exotic Race) BC1F2
M. Blanco USDA-ARS
Result Lose 75 of genetic variability to fix
0.1 of the loci
14
Marker Assisted Recurrent Selection (C0) Fix 0.1
of the genome while maintaining genetic
variability in the remaining 99.9
Chromosome 1
Chromosome 2
Chromosome 3
Chr 4
Chr 10
Chr 5
Chr 6
Chromosome 7
Chromosome 8
Chr 9
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Mks
Lines
S. Kumpatla Dow AgroSciences
15
Marker Assisted Recurrent Selection (C1) Fix 0.1
of the genome while maintaining genetic
variability in the remaining 99.9
Chromosome 1
Chromosome 2
Chromosome 3
Chr 4
Chr 10
Chr 5
Chr 6
Chromosome 7
Chromosome 8
Chr 9
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Mks
Lines
S. Kumpatla Dow AgroSciences
16
Marker Assisted Recurrent Selection (C2) Fix 0.1
of the genome while maintaining genetic
variability in the remaining 99.9
Chromosome 1
Chr 2
Chr 3
Chr 4
Chr 10
Chr 5
Chr 6
Chr 7
Chr 8
Chr 9
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Markers
Mks
Lines
S. Kumpatla Dow AgroSciences
17
If adaptation is oligogenic,

• What is the best breeding strategy to adapt
  landraces to MW production agriculture
• even with genetic information and htp genotyping,
  Is MAB/MAS the most effective and efficient?
• Evaluate DGt in a Cost/Benefit context
• Simulation modeling
• Operations Research
• linear programming
• control systems engineering

18
Maize-TREC Specific Objectives

• Identify functional alleles (haplotypes)
  responsible for adaptation of maize to production
  agricultural environments.
• Assign breeding values to functional adaptation
  alleles (haplotypes) in multiple environmental
  and genetic backgrounds.
• Develop and test methods to rapidly accumulate
  adaptation alleles in unadapted populations.

• Integrate the use of omics based information
  into plant breeding methods curricula.
• Prepare the next generation of plant breeders for
  team-based research.
• Diversify the educational base of plant breeding
  graduate students.

Develop a sustainable funding model for
translational research and education in the
plant sciences.
19
Acknowledgements

• Principle Investigators
• Rex Bernardo
• Martin Bohn
• Natalia de Leon
• Thomas Lubberstedt
• Torbert Rocheford
• Patrick Schnable
• Margaret Smith
• Pioneer Hi-Bred
• Mark Cooper
• David Bubeck
• Geoff Graham
• Bill Niebur
• Monsanto
• Sam Eathington
• Ted Crosbie
• Dow AgroSciences
• Siva Kumpatla
• Sam Reddy

• USDA-ARS Ames
• Jode Edwards
• Candy Gardner
• Mike Blanco
• Mark Millard
• USDA-ARS Ithaca
• Ed Buckler
• USDA-ARS, Raleigh
• Jim Holland
• Iowa State University
• Chuck Hurburgh
• Kendall Lamkey
• Uschi Frei
• Lizhi Wang