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Joint Ph.D Programme on Fusion Science and
Engineering
SECOND ADVANCED COURSE ON DIAGNOSTICS AND DATA
ACQUISITION
by
Carlos Varandas Full Professor of Instituto
Superior Tecnico President of Instituto de
Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear
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CONTENT

1. Introduction
2. Instituto Superior Técnico
3. Measurements and diagnostics
4. Plasma diagnostics
5. Structure of this course

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1. INTRODUCTION

• This course on Diagnostics and Data Acquisition
  is of the responsibility of the Physics
  Department and Instituto de Plasma e Fusão
  Nuclear of Instituto Superior Técnico
• General Coordination
• Prof. Carlos Varandas
• Coordination of the diagnostics section
• Prof. Fernando Serra
• Coordination of the data acquisition section
• Prof. Horácio Fernandes

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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO History
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO was established with
the objective of providing the country with
Engineers with know-how and the necessary skills
to succeed in their professional lives, while
simultaneously contributing to the economic
development of the country.
Alfredo Bensaúde First Director of IST, 1911
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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Mission

• The MISSION OF IST is to contribute to the
  development of society by providing high quality
  Education in the areas of Engineering, Science
  and Technology, at undergraduate and postgraduate
  levels as well as lifelong learning, and by
  carrying out Research, Development and
  Innovation activities in accordance with the
  highest international standards.

Education
RD
Links with Society
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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Campus
Campus Alameda
Campus Taguspark
104 223 m2
116 000 m2
Total Campus Area Class Rooms and Lecture
Halls Study Rooms and Libraries Labs,
Workshops and Computer Rooms Offices,
Secretariats, Services and Meeting Rooms
9 941 m2
2 045 m2
4 050 m2
907 m2
24 931 m2
1 560 m2
24 492 m2
3 581 m2
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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Study
Programme Structure
PhD Degree
Doctoral Programme
Doctoral Programme
Diploma
6th year
3rd year
Master Degree
5th year
2nd year
2ndCycle
2nd Cycle
4th year
1st year
Licenciatura Degree
Bridging Programme
3rd year
1 or 2 semesters
1stCycle
Integrated Cycle
2nd year
1st year
Vocational oriented 1st cycle programmes
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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO 1st and
2nd Cycle Programmes
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7 655 students
Alameda Campus

• Aerospace Engineering
• Architecture
• Biological Engineering
• Biomedical Engineering
• Civil Engineering
• Chemical Engineering
• Electrical and Computer Engineering
• Mechanical Engineering
• Physics Engineering

5 yrs

• Chemistry
• Environmental Engineering
• Information Systems and Computer Engineering
• Materials Engineering
• Applied Mathematics and Computation
• Mining and Geological Engineering
• Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
• Territorial Engineering

32 yrs
Taguspark Campus

• Electronics Engineering
• Industrial Engineering and Management
• Information Systems and Computer Engineering
• Communication Networks Engineering

1 339 students
32 yrs
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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO
Advanced Training Diplomas

• Sustainable energy Systems
• Technology Management Entreprise
• Urban Studies and Territorial Management
• Water and Waste Technologies and Management
• Radiation Safety

• Acoustics Engineering
• Applied Statistics
• Construction
• Engineering and Hydraulic Works
• Georesources
• Geotechnics for Civil Engineering
• Logistics
• Medical Geology
• Rehabilitation and Conservation of the Built
  Heritage
• Risks Assessment, Safety and Reliability
• Systems Engineering and Operations Research
• Structural Engineering

In cooperation with Management School of UP and
ISCTE
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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO PhD
Programmes

• Architecture
• Civil Engineering
• Territorial Engineering
• Transportation
• Environment Engineering
• Mining Engineering and Earth Resources
• Physics
• Physics Engineering
• Technological Physics Engineering
• Fusion Science and Engineering
• Industrial Engineering and Management
• Sustainable Energy Systems
• Systems Engineering
• Technological Change and Entrepreneurship

• Bioengineering
• Biomedical Engineering
• Biotechnology
• Chemical Engineering
• Chemistry
• Electrical and Computer Engineering
• Information Systems and Computer Engineering
• Mechanical Engineering
• Materials Engineering
• Aerospace Engineering
• Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
• Mathematics
• Statistics and Stochastic Processes
• Information Security

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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO
Lifelong Learning
Specialisation Programmes

• Design for All
• Safety and Hygiene at Work
• Integrated Management of Quality, Environment and
  Safety
• Systems Engineering in Chemical Processes
• Polymer Science and Technology

Continuous Training Courses

• Courses (28 courses -
  1st semester 2007)

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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Students
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Vacancies in ST 2007/2008
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13
11
10
9
5
4
0
3
3
2
2
2
ISA/UTL
IST
UBI
UNL
UTAD
ISCTE
U. Porto
U. Minho
U. Évora
FA - UTL
U. Aveiro
U. Lisboa
U. Algarve
U. Coimbra
Admission of the 100 Best Students in ST
2006/2007
UBI (1)
UNL (3)
U. Coimbra (3)
(48) IST
U. Aveiro (10)
U. Minho (12)
U. Porto (23)
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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO
Research Areas
Information Communication Technologies
Energy, Environment and Mobility
Production Engineering and Technologies
Basic Sciences
Applied Life Sciences
Technology Management Entrepreneurship
Materials Microtechnology Nanoscience
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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Origin
of RD Projects
International
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National
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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Partnerships
with American Universities
Doctoral Programmes
Advanced Study Programmes
Joint Research Programmes
Technology Transfer
Intellectual Property Promotion
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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Partnerships
with American Universities
Bio-Engineering Systems
Engineering Design Advanced Manufacturing
Sustainable Energy Systems
Transportation Systems
Engineering Systems

Information Processing and Networking - Language Technology
Critical Infrastructures and Risk Assessment
Technological Change and Innovation

Applied Mathematics
Univ. Technology Enterprise Network
Advanced Computing
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2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Participation
in International RD Programmes
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3. MEASUREMENTS AND DIAGNOSTIC

• Measurements (Direct characterization of
  parameters of a tangibal thing)

• Length of a pen
• Area of a room

• Velocity of a car
• Clinic analysis

• Diagnostics (Indirect calculation of parameters
  of unaccessible thing)
• - Human body
• - Space and Universe
• - Plasmas
• In a Fusion Device
• - The external parameters are measured
• - The plasma parameters are diagnosed

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4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.1. Classification by the
interaction with the plasma

• No interaction

• Passive Spectroscopy
• Magnetic Probes

• Weak interaction

• Diagnostic Neutral Beam
• Active Spectroscopy
• Laser Induced Fluorescence

• Interferometry
• Reflectometry
• Thomson Scattering
• Heavy Ion Beam Diagnostic

• Strong interaction

• Electric Probes

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4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.2. Classification by the
physics principle

• Electric Diagnostics
• - Electrical Probes

• Magnetic Diagnostics
• - Mirnov coils - Rogowski coils
  - Diamagnetic Loop
• - Loop - Sin-Cos coils
  - Halo Current Sensors

• Optical Diagnostics
• - Thomson Scattering -
  Collective Thomson Scattering
• - Pulse Height Analysis X-ray diagnostic
  - Spectrometers
• - Laser Induced Fluorescence -
  Motional Stark Effect diagnostic

• Wave Diagnostics
• - Interferometer
  - Reflectometer
• - Electron Cyclotron Emission -
  Polarimeter

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4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.2. Classification by the
physics principle

• Particle Diagnostics

• Heavy Ion Beam Diagnostic -
  Diagnostic Neutral Beam
• Neutron Camera -
  Microfission Chambers
• Neutron Flux Monitors -
  Gamma Ray Spectrometer
• Lost Alpha Particles
• Knock-on Tail Neutron Spectrometer

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4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.3. Classification by the
purpose

• Machine Protection
• - IR/Visible Camera -
  Thermocouples
• - Pressure Gauges - Residual
  Gas Analysers
• - Langmuir probes
• Control
• - Loop -
  Rogowski Coil
• - Sin-Cos Coils -
  Interferometer
• - Thomson Scattering - MHD Coils
• - Plasma Position Reflectometer
• Physics Studies
• - Motional Stark Effect Diagnostic
  - Correlation Reflectometer
• - Profiles Reflectometer
  - Hoping Reflectometer

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4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.3. Development of a
diagnostic

• Need to calculate a plasma parameter and/or to
  study of a phenomena
• Identification of the adequate physics principle
• Conceptual design and definition of the budget
• Detailed design, including the dedicated control
  and data acquisition system
• Construction, including the development of
  software for diagnostic operation
• Laboratorial Tests
• Integration in the fusion device
• Scientific Exploitation

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4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.4. Determination of
plasma parameters

• Plasma Current - Internal Rogowski Coil
• Plasma Density - Interferometer
  - Thomson Scattering
• - Heavy Ion
  Beam Analyser - Profile Reflectometry
• - Electric
  Probes
• Current Density - Laser Induced
  Fluorescence
• - Heavy Ion
  Beam Diagnostic
• Electron Temperature - Thomson Scattering
  - PHA X-Ray Diagnostic
• -
  Heavy Ion Beam Diagnostic
• Ion Temperature - Spectroscopy - X-Ray
  Rotating Crystal Spectrometer
• Plasma Resistivity - Loop
• MHD Activity - Mirnov Probes

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4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.4. Determination of
plasma parameters

• Alpha Particles - Collective Thomson
  Scattering
• - Lost Alpha
  Detectors
• - Knock-on
  Tail Neutron Spectrometer
• Fusion Products - Neutron Camera
  - Gamma Ray Spectrometer
• Radiated Power - Bolometer
• Divertor Electron Parameters - Fast Wave
  Reflectometer
• Plasma Potential - Heavy Ion Beam
  Diagnostic - Electric Probes

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5. STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE First week 9-13
February
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5. STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE Second week 16
20 February
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