Introduction to Public Speaking

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Introduction to Public Speaking
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Textbooks

• Stephen E. Lucas
• The Art of Public Speaking (8th edition)
• Foreign Language Teaching Research Press
• 2004?10?

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• Essentials of Public Speaking (2nd edition)
• By Cheryl Hamilton
• ???????
• 2004?11?

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• ????
• ????????
• ?????
• 2004?4?
• L.G. Alexander
• ??????
• ?????????
• 1999?5?

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• Sue Kay
• A Simple Guide to the Art of Debate in English
• FLTRP
• 2006?4?

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Major teaching methods

•  1. Lectures on public speaking debate
  (parliamentary style, A/P B/P)
• 2.  Great Speeches appreciation
• 3.  Sample speeches and analysis
• 4. After-class practice and in-class discussions
• 5. Debate practices.

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Scoring breakups

• Class attendance 10
• Classroom performance10
• In-class speeches30
• (compulsory 2 times/each person
• reciting an informative speech
• Final exam 50
• (a persuasive speech a feedback note)

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Course introduction

• Chapter One Introduction to the Course 2
  periods
• Chapter Two Selecting a topic and Analyzing the
  Audience 2 periods
• Chapter Three Gathering Materials 2 periods
• Chapter Four Organizing the Body Beginning and
  Ending the Speech 4 periods

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• Chapter Five Delivery of a Public Speech 2
  periods
• Chapter Six Speaking to Inform 2 periods
• Chapter Seven Speaking on Special Occasions 2
  periods
• Chapter Eight Speaking to Persuade 4 periods
• Chapter Nine Impromptu Speech and QA 2 periods
• Chapter Ten Art of Debate 2 periods

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A survey for the public speaking class

• 1.What do you think makes a good speech? List
  three qualities
• 2. What do you think are your strong and weak
  points as a presenter?
• 3. How would you like to improve as a presenter?
  What exactly do you want to learn to do in this
  course? List at least three things.

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•   4. Do you have any fears as a speaker? For
  example, do you have stage fright or feel you
  make a fool of yourself, or are you afraid you
  will say the wrong thing or forget your words or
  the speech entirely? List them.
• 5. Which of these types of presentation do you
  like to make most?
• 1)      impromptu speech
• 2)      speaking to inform
• 3)      speaking to persuade
• 4)      speaking on special occasions
• 5)      debates

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 I. The power of Public Speaking

• One who forms a judgment on any point but cannot
  explain it clearly might as well never have
  thought at all on the subject.
• --- Pericles (????), Greek leader
• A good speech could be
• clear, well reasoned, articulate, thoughtful,
  compelling, witty, touching, convincing,
  believable

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Public speaking is

• A vital means of civic engagement.
• A way to express your ideas and to have an impact
  on issues that matter in a democratic society.
• A form of empowerment.
• It can and often does make a difference in things
  people care about very much.

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 II. The tradition of Public Speaking

• Orator a term to designate someone with special
  skills in public speaking
• Eloquence has always been highly prized
• The principles of public speaking --- long
  tradition and a substantial body of research

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1. Similarities between public speaking and
conversation

• How do children learn the art of conversation?
• --- by trial and error

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Skills employed in conversation

• a. Organizing your thoughts logically
• b. Tailoring your message to your audience
• c.  Telling a story for maximum impact
• d.  Adapting to listener feedback
• These are among the most important skills you
  will need for public speaking.

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• Training in public speaking can make you a more
  adept communicator in a variety of situations,
  such as
• conversations,
• classroom discussions,
• business meetings,
• interviews.

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2. Differences between public speaking and
conversation

• Public speaking
• A. is more highly structured
• B. requires more formal language
• C. requires a different method of delivery.

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Do not use

• stock phrases
• casual posture
• vocalized pauses

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Instead

• Adjust your voices to be heard clearly throughout
  the audience
• Assume a more erect posture
• Avoid distracting mannerisms and verbal habits.

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Developing confidence your speech class

• Stage Fright
• Nervousness is normal, even desirable at the
  start of a speech
• Use your nervousness to your advantage, to put
  your butterflies to good use.

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• How can we control our nervousness and make it
  work for us rather than against us?
• --- how to turn it into
• positive nervousness

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Positive Nervousness

• --- an enthusiastic, lively feeling with a slight
  edge to it
• --- the controlled nervousness that helps
  energize a speaker
• --- not victimized by it, but vitalized by it.

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The ways are

• A. Acquire speaking experience
• B. Prepare, prepare, prepare
• C. Think positively
• D. Use the power of visualization
• E. Know that most nervousness is not visible
• F. Dont expect perfection

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Remember

• speechmaking is
• NOT
• a kind of performance
• BUT
• an act of communication

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Besides, you can

• A. Be at your best physically and mentally
• B. Tighten and relax your leg muscles or squeeze
  your hands together and then release them
• C. Take a couple slow, deep breaths before you
  start to speak
• D. Work especially hard on your introduction.

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• E. Make eye contact with members of your
  audience
• F. Concentrate on communicating with your
  audience rather than on worrying about your stage
  fright
• G. Use visual aids.

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Your First Speech

• Introducing yourself in 1 minute
• --- purpose
• make other people remember you as someone unique.