Objective:

1
Objective

• I will review Cell Structure and function for NJ
  ASK review by participating in a power point
  presentation, filling in a note-taking guide and
  answering NJ ASK questions.

2
Cell Structure Function

• All living organisms on Earth are made up of
  microscopic structures called cells. 
• There are many types of cells, including plant
  cells and animal cells.
• Cells consist of smaller pieces,
  called organelles. Organelles are like the
  "organs" of a cell they are groups of complex
  molecules that help cells survive.
• Different cells can have different organelles.

3
cytoplasm 

•  is the suspension fluid that contains all of
  the organelles of the cell located between the
  nucleus and the cell membrane, as well as the
  support structures that help give the cell its
  shape.
•  It is also the site of most of the chemical
  reactions that take place in the cell. Cytoplasm
  is made up mostly of water.

4
Vacuole

• stores water and ingested food in a fluid sack
  and helps remove waste from the cell.
• the vacuoles found in animal cells are very small
• plant cells have one large, central vacuole. 
• The central vacuole in plants produces pressure
  against the cell wall (this is known as turgor
  pressure) for cellular support.

5
The cell membrane (or plasma membrane)

• acts as a boundary layer around the cytoplasm
  that separates a cell from its outside
  environment.
•  able to recognize chemical signals
• is selectively permeable to chemicals
• and controls which molecules enter and leave the
  cell.
•  Nutrients first enter the cell through the cell
  membrane

6
Nucleus

• The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It
  contains chromosomal information composed of
  long, thin strands of DNA that control cell
  metabolism and heredity.

7
ribosomes 

• The are RNA and protein complexes that are found
  in all cells.
•  These complexes help cells during protein
  translation by joining amino acids together to
  form polypeptides.

8
mitochondria 

• The take in nutrients, break them down and
  create energy (or ATP) for the cell.

9
endoplasmic reticulum

•  transports proteins within the cell. 
• It also makes lipids and several other materials
  used inside and outside of the cell.

10
The Golgi apparatus

•  processes and transports wastes (and other
  materials) out of the cell.
• processes, sorts, and modifies proteins in the
  cell.

11
Plant vs. Animal Cells

• While plant and animal cells share many
  organelles, there are a few organelles that are
  specific to plant cells. These organelles include
  the cell wall and chloroplasts.
• Unlike animal cells, plant cells have
  chloroplasts and a cell wall.
• The cell wall is a secretion of the cell
  membrane it provides protection from physical
  injury and, with the vacuole, it provides
  structural support. Since it is made primarily of
  cellulose, it gives plant cells a structure that
  is more rigid than that of animal cells.
• The chloroplasts are the food producers in a
  plant cell. These small green organelles use
  energy from the Sun to produce glucose sugar in a
  process called photosynthesis. Both plants and
  animals use glucose as a source of energy.

12
Cell Functions

• Cells of multicellular organisms must grow and
  divide as the organism grows.
• This is because the size of individual cells does
  not change very much. 
• When an organism needs to grow bigger, it must
  make more cells. The body of a multicellular
  organism can also repair itself by using cell
  division to make more cells.

13
obtain nutrients

•  The cell membrane of a cell allows the cell to
  take in nutrients (or food molecules) while
  keeping out things that are bad for the cell. 
• Plant cells that contain chloroplasts can also
  make their own food by using energy from the Sun.

14
extract energy. 

•  The mitochondria found in both plant and animal
  cells use nutrients to make ATP. 
• Cells use ATP as their main source of energy.

15
dispose of waste materials

• During waste removal, the cell membrane works
  with other cell organelles to move waste products
  from an area of higher concentration (inside the
  cell) to an area of lower concentration (outside
  the cell.)

16
Cells Water

• All organisms need water to survive and to
  maintain normal functions. 
• Cells need water for most life processes, such as
  getting energy from food and transporting
  materials between cells. 
• The cells of all living things contain water. In
  fact, water accounts for about two-thirds of a
  typical cell's mass.

17
photosynthesis. 

• Plants receive their energy from the Sun in a
  process known as photosynthesis. 
• The cycle of photosynthesis combines water,
  carbon dioxide (the gas that humans and other
  animals exhale) and light energy to produce
  energy and oxygen.

18
osmosis

• Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable
  membrane

19
cellular respiration

• Animals go through a process of cellular respirati
  on to receive energy from food

20
Single-celled Multi-celled Organisms

• All living things contain at least one cell. 
• Single-celled organisms perform all of their life
  processes within a single cell, while
  multi-celled organisms can have specialized cells
  for different functions.
• Cells contain everything that is necessary for
  life. They have a variety of parts, and each part
  has a different set of functions. Cells may be
  part of a multi-celled organism, or they may be
  single-celled organisms.

21
Single-celled Organisms

• Single-celled, or unicellular, organisms may live
  alone or as part of a colony. 
• For single-celled organisms, each cell by itself
  can get food and air.
•  Many single-celled organisms can move themselves
  through their environments. Single-celled
  organisms can reproduce themselves, although some
  do reproduce sexually.

22
Multi-celled Organisms

• Multi-celled, or multicellular, organisms may
  have many different kinds of cells.
• Each kind of cell has its own purpose and
  specialized parts that help the cell to carry out
  its function. Cells from multi-celled organisms
  cannot survive on their own. The cells must work
  together in order to get food and air and to help
  the organism reproduce.
• Multi-celled organisms may be very small and made
  up of only a few cells, or very large and made up
  of trillions and trillions of cells. All plants
  and animals are multi-celled organisms. 

23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)