Title: Early Modern England
1Early Modern England
Title page from Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes
2Centralized Government and Tudor Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy and Parliamentary Crisis the Stuarts James I (1603-1625) Charles I (1625-1649) The Protectorate (1649-1660) Charles II (1660-1685) James II (1685-1688)
3The Stuarts
James I (1603-1625)
4Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
James I was less skillful, politically, than Elizabeth he stubbornly insisted on the concept of absolute, divine right monarchy, but his royal power was undermined by faction, corruption and the growing economic power of the merchant class
5The Stuarts
Charles I (1625-1649)
6Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father
7Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629 when Parliament refused to raise new taxes without consideration of their grievances
8Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629 when Parliament refused to raise new taxes without consideration of their grievances Merchant class had gained economic power, but still had less political power than the landed aristocracy
9Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629 when Parliament refused to raise new taxes without consideration of their grievances Merchant class had gained economic power, but still had less political power than the landed aristocracy Charles governed without Parliament by raising ship money excise taxes on the continually growing import and export trade that came through Englands port cities
10Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629 when Parliament refused to raise new taxes without consideration of their grievances Merchant class had gained economic power, but still had less political power than the landed aristocracy Charles governed without Parliament by raising ship money excise taxes on the continually growing import and export trade that came through Englands port cities In 1640, faced with the military costs of putting down a peasants rebellion in Ireland and a threatened attack from Scottish nobles at the same time, Charles re-called Parliament
11Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629 when Parliament refused to raise new taxes without consideration of their grievances Merchant class had gained economic power, but still had less political power than the landed aristocracy Charles governed without Parliament by raising ship money excise taxes on the continually growing import and export trade that came through Englands port cities In 1640, faced with the military costs of putting down a peasants rebellion in Ireland and a threatened attack from Scottish nobles at the same time, Charles re-called Parliament Parliament refused to raise taxes without redress of grievances, so Charles dissolved Parliament again
12Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
Charles I continued the absolutist agenda of his father Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629 when Parliament refused to raise new taxes without consideration of their grievances Merchant class had gained economic power, but still had less political power than the landed aristocracy Charles governed without Parliament by raising ship money excise taxes on the continually growing import and export trade that came through Englands port cities In 1640, faced with the military costs of putting down a peasants rebellion in Ireland and a threatened attack from Scottish nobles at the same time, Charles re-called Parliament Parliament refused to raise taxes without redress of grievances, so Charles dissolved Parliament again Parliament refused to dissolve, and instead formed an army and engaged in Civil War
13Early Modern England
The Beheading of Charles I (1649), Anonymous
Dutch Engraving
14The Protectorate
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector (1649-1658)
15The Protectorate
In 1649, the Parliamentary forces, under Cromwell, captured the King and put him on trial for treason the King was convicted, and executed
16The Protectorate
In 1649, the Parliamentary forces, under Cromwell, captured the King and put him on trial for treason the King was convicted, and executed Under the protectorate, during the interregnum, England didnt have a King Oliver Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector
17The Protectorate
In 1649, the Parliamentary forces, under Cromwell, captured the King and put him on trial for treason the King was convicted, and executed Under the protectorate, during the interregnum, England didnt have a King Oliver Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector In effect, Cromwell was a military dictator
18The Stuarts
Charles II (1660-1685)
19Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1660, Charles II was recalled from France to become a constitutional monarch with reduced powers
20Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1660, Charles II was recalled from France to become a constitutional monarch with reduced powers Merchant class had more political power
21Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1660, Charles II was recalled from France to become a constitutional monarch with reduced powers Merchant class had more political power Political partiesTories and Whigs emerged at this time
22The Stuarts
James II (1685-1688)
23Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1685, Charles II died and his brother, James II became king
24Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1685, Charles II died and his brother, James II became king James was a Catholic he had to agree that his successor would not be a Catholic monarch
25Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1685, Charles II died and his brother, James II became king James was a Catholic he had to agree that his successor would not be a Catholic monarch James was seen as a threat by many because of his absolutist tendencies
26Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1685, Charles II died and his brother, James II became king James was a Catholic he had to agree that his successor would not be a Catholic monarch James was seen as a threat by many because of his absolutist tendencies James was deposed in 1688 in the Glorious Revolution
27Centralized Government and Stuart Monarchy
In 1685, Charles II died and his brother, James II became king James was a Catholic he had to agree that his successor would not be a Catholic monarch James was seen as a threat by many because of his absolutist tendencies James was deposed in 1688 in the Glorious Revolution He was replaced not by his Catholic son, Prince James, but by his protestant daughter, Mary, and her husband, William
28The Stuarts
William and Mary (1689-1702)