Small Animal Cats- Unit F

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Small AnimalCats- Unit F
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Competency 15.00

• Use information specific to each breed to choose
  the best cat for a given use.

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Cat Breeds

• Differ in color, patterns, length of hair, shape
  and length of ears, shape and color of eyes, head
  shape, body conformation, size, and disposition
• For our discussions we will focus on the two
  major types of hair
• Shorthaired Breeds
• Longhaired Breeds

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Objective 15.01

• Describe major shorthaired and longhaired breeds
  of cats

Pictures courtesy of Google Images
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Shorthair Breeds
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Abyssinian

• Ruddy (orange-brown), red and blue, all ticked
  with darker colors at tips of each hair
• Medium sized
• Muscular cat
• Almond shaped eyes
• Very active
• Fond of water
• Can be taught to retrieve

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Abyssinian
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American Shorthair(Domestic Shorthair)

• Came to US with English settlers
• 34 recognized color patterns
• tabby is the most common color
• Medium to large sized
• Affectionate
• makes great lap cat

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American Shorthair(Domestic Shorthair)
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Bombay (1958)

• Relatively new breed resulting from Burmese x
  American Shorthair
• Medium sized cat
• Jet black
• Copper or gold colored eyes
• Disposition
• Graceful, charming, and get along well with
  others, even strangers

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Bombay
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British Shorthair

• Oldest Natural English breed
• Larger and taller than American Shorthair
• Large rounded head
• Big, round copper or gold eyes
• Quiet, easy going, docile nature
• likes to sleep a lot

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British Shorthair
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Burmese

• Originated in the Unites States
• 1930s
• Cross between Siamese x Burma
• Medium-sized
• Sable-brown in color with gold eyes
• Good disposition, enjoy being held
• Can become bossy, stubborn, and angry

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Burmese
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Cornish Rex

• Small to medium size
• Oval eyes and curves or rippling hair coat
• Must be kept indoors
• lacks guard hairs to protect it from the elements

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Cornish Rex
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Devon Rex

• Resulted from feral (wild) domestic cat x
  cared-for stray
• Medium sized cat with wavy hair coat
• Large, wide-based ears are set low and
  distinctive to this breed

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Devon Rex
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Japanese Bobtail

• Known for calico (tortoiseshell or 3 colors)
• Calico is some shade of black, orange (red), and
  white.
• Distinctive short (bob) tail
• Is kinked to form a pom or bunny tail
• The tail is sensitive
• Care must be taken to prevent injury and pain
  when handling the cat

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Japanese Bobtail
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Korat

• Highly prized, rare cat of Thailand
• Protective of family members, and reserved with
  strangers
• Medium-sized cat
• Silver blue fur tipped with silver
• Produces a halo effect

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Korat
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Manx

• Among earliest European breeds
• result of a genetic mutation
• Medium-sized
• affectionate cat
• tends to be better in one-to-one relationships
• The BEST show Manx cats do not have a tail
  (rumpy)
• others have a short tail (stumpy)
• some have a long tail (longy)

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Manx
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Siamese

• Known for one-on-one devotion to one person
• Eye color is always deep blue
• Head forms an equilateral triangle from the nose
  to the tips of the ears
• Very little pigmentation in color pattern
• Pigmentation is darker at the points
• Color is restricted to the points mask, ear,
  foot and tip of tail

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Siamese

• Medium-sized
• very long and refined
• Siamese cats are very unpredictable however,
  they are described as talkative, loyal
• Fearless cats of extraordinary intelligence.
• Siamese cats are particularly sensitive to
  vaccinations and anesthetics

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Siamese
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Singapura

• Small breed
• Known for its quiet, shy disposition
• Males weigh at most 6 pounds
• Females usually weigh less than 4 pounds

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Singapura
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Somali
Crossed with Abyssinian recessive carriers for
long hair Friendly, affectionate, prefers
company, playful, very active medium size usually
orange-brown ticked with black or red ticked with
brown coat gold or green eyes
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Snowshoe Breed

• Medium to large size
• Similar to American Shorthair
• white feet
• Bright blue eyes are large, oval
• Ears are large and broad at base
• Wedgeshaped head
• The mask, tail, ears, and legs are usually
  defined seal or blue with the masking colors
  covering the entire face, except for inverted
  white V-shaped pattern over mouth and nose

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Snowshoe Breed
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Sphynx

• Canadian origin in the late 1960s
• Known for its tough, wrinkled hairless skin
• Indoor cat
• cannot survive outdoors
• depends upon people for survival
• Constantly purrs
• Adores body contact and is very affectionate
• Normal body temperature is 4F higher than most
  other breeds
• unable to store body fat
• must eat more frequently to maintain its body
  temperature

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Sphynx
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Longhair Breeds
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Balinese and Javanese

• Body style of Siamese, but long hair
• Warm
• Vocal
• Persistent
• Eyes are deep vivid blue

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Balinese and Javanese
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Birman

• Sturdy cat of medium to large size
• Long, silky coat that does not mat
• requires little care
• Very sociable
• needs the company of others
• White paws - trait
• Eyes are round
• Ears are medium with rounded tips

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Birman
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Cymric Longhaired Manx

• Alert and sweet natured
• Excellent with other pets and children
• Large cat that is tailless

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Cymric Longhaired Manx
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Himalayan and Kashmir

• (Siamese x Persian x Birman)
• Medium to large size
• Persian type cat
• Long, flowing hair coat with Siamese patterns

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Himalayan and Kashmir
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Maine Coon

• Oldest natural breed in North America
• native American origin
• Large-sized
• reaches 12 -18 pounds
• Brown tabby is the best known color
• Lovable and friendly
• has a tiny voice that squeaks and chirps

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Maine Coon
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Persian

• One of the oldest and most popular breeds
• Medium to large size
• short, compact body
• large head
• small rounded ears
• Well mannered
• easy going
• quiet cats
• Make good apartment cats and excellent companions
• Require daily grooming
• removes and knots
• Requires regular bathing
• removes excess oil from the coat

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Persian
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Ragdoll

• Originated in the US during the 1960s
• Exceptionally large
• Heavy breed
• Blue eyes
• Docile, quiet, and composed
• named because they show little signs of fear or
  pain
• take a floppy posture when handled

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Ragdoll
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Tiffany

• Himalayan x Burmese
• Medium size
• Oriental style
• essentially a long-haired Burmese
• Follows owner like a puppy
• Few exist in the United States

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Tiffany
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Turkish Angora

• Small to medium-sized cat
• Polite
• Intelligent
• very responsive
• easily trained to perform tricks
• Prefers a clean, almost spotless environment

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Turkish Angora
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Objective 15.02

• Select a cat based on qualifying characteristics

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Selecting a Pet Cat

• The Cat vs. The Dog
• Requires less care
• independent nature
• Lower feeding cost
• smaller
• Initial purchase price is less

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Qualities to consider

• Adult cats are better for elderly or busy owners
• Kittens adapt quickly
• Females reach sexual maturity at 5 months
• estrus cycle every three weeks
• Friendly affectionate pets
• they dont usually kill or injure small children

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Qualities to consider

• Pedigree animals have certain characteristics
• most cats are mixed breeds
• Long haired breeds require frequent grooming
• require air conditioned facilities
• Mixed breeds are cheaper to purchase.

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Choosing a healthy cat

• 1. Look for signs of health
• Pale pink gums
• White teeth
• Nose should be cool and slightly damp
• Clean glossy coat
• Free of mats

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Proper teeth cleaning can prevent the absorption
of toxins and bacteria present in the mouth which
can damage internal organs.
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Most veterinarians can clean teeth and do so
regularly for most cat owners
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Choosing a healthy cat

• 2. Look for signs of illness
• Discharge from the eyes or nose
• Buildup of wax in the ears
• ear mites
• External Parasites
• Fleas
• Internal Parasites
• Potbellied cats may indicate worm infestation

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Competency 16.00

• Use techniques that improve the well being of
  cats.

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Objective 16.01

• Discuss grooming practices for cats

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Grooming Cats

• Removes old and dead hair
• Provides opportunity to check for
• Parasites
• Skin disorders
• Eye problems
• Ear problems

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Longhaired Cats

• Need daily care to keep free of tangles and mat.
• Equipment
• Combs
• Blunt end scissors
• Nail clippers
• Grooming brush
• Grooming powder

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Grooming Longhaired Cats

• Procedures for longhair cats
• 1st-Use a wide tooth comb for animal
• 2nd- Use a small toothed comb
• Once all tangles are out, brush hair in opposite
  direction of growth occasionally and sprinkle
  grooming powder
• This removes old hair and reduces hairballs.
• Check for parasites, skin disorders, eye and ear
  problems

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Longhair Grooming

• Comb with two sizes of teeth (fine toothed and a
  flea comb).
• Nail Clippers
• Grooming brush natural bristles (nylon causes
  static)
• Grooming powder such as baby powder, talcum, or
  cornstarch.

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Shorthair Grooming

• Rubber grooming brush
• Fine-toothed/ flea comb
• Soft chamois, silk, nylon pad
• Rubber grooming brush
• Avoid removing good hair

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Flea Combs
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Bathing Cats

• Start bathing as early as 4 months
• Avoid splashing or running water when cat is
  present
• Use 4 inches of warm water
• Gently lower cat into the water until the entire
  cat is wet
• Keep water our of eyes and ears
• Apply a baby shampoo to the wet coat, lather and
  rinse
• Medicated shampoo for fleas
• Towel dry or use a hairdryer

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Other Grooming

• Check teeth and gums
• Dry food helps to clean the teeth
• Check for ear mites
• Dark, crumbly wax indicates mites
• Use ear drops to treat
• Used special clippers to trim claws
• Do not cut into pink area of claw, it will bleed
• Scratching post helps to reduce claw trimming

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Objective 16.02

• Describe major health concerns for cats.

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Diseases

• Infectious
• Cat Distemper (FPV)
• Feline herpes virus (FHV)
• Feline calicivirus (FCV)
• Feline Rhinotracheitis (FVR)
• Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
• Feline Leukemia (FeLV)
• Feline Enteric Corona virus (FECV)
• Rabies

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Feline Panleukopenia (FPV)

• Feline distemper
• caused by a parvo virus or DNA virus
• Abnormally low white blood cell count
• Affects young cats
• 75 death rate
• Spread by direct contact but also from food and
  water, bedding, litter boxes, etc.

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Feline Panleukopenia (FPV)

• Symptoms
• Depression
• loss of appetite
• high fever
• lethargy
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• dehydration

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Feline herpes virus (FHV)

• Caused by respiratory virus infection
• Shed in discharges from the nose, eyes, throat
• transmitted through direct contact
• Can remain dormant for years

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Feline herpes virus (FHV)

• Symptoms
• depression
• sneezing
• coughing
• severe eye and nasal discharges
• increase in temperature

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Feline Rhinotracheitis (FVR)

• Widespread disease
• Caused by the Herpes virus infection
• confined to the upper respiratory tract
• Symptoms
• sneezing
• discharges from eyes and nasal passages.

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Feline Rhinotracheitis (FVR)
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Feline Calicivirus (FCV)

• Respiratory virus infection
• Discharges from the nose, eyes, throat
• transmitted from direct contact.
• Symptoms- Depression, sneezing, coughing, severe
  eye and nasal discharges with an increase in
  temperature

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Feline Leukemia (FeLV)

• Severely limits the cats immune systems
• virus is excreted primarily in the cats salivary
  excretions
• also present in respiratory, fecal and urine
  secretions
• Spread through direct contact and by sharing
  litter, food, water, etc.
• Symptoms
• low grade fever, vomiting, soft or watery
  diarrhea, blood in the feces and dehydration

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Feline Enteris Corona virus (FECV)

• Ingestion of contaminated feces in kittens
  between four and twelve weeks of age.
• Symptoms low grade fever, vomiting, soft or
  watery diarrhea, blood in the feces and
  dehydration.

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Feline Infectious Peritonitis virus (FIP)

• FIP occurs when FECV mutates
• Affect those with weak immune systems
• Leads to organ failure
• Symptoms
• fever
• loss of appetite
• depression
• weight loss

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Rabies

• Fatal viral disease
• Spread by the saliva of an infected warm blooded
  animal
• Cat become highly agitated and possibly aggressive

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Cat Disease Review

• Feline panleukopenia
• Cat Distemper (FPV) Low White Cell Count and high
  death rate
• Feline herpes virus (FHV)
• Feline calicivirus (FCV)
• Feline Rhinotracheitis (FVR)
• Feline Leukemia (FeLV)
• Feline Enteric Corona virus (FECV)
• Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
• Rabies

Respiratory
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Suggested Feline Vaccination Schedule

• 5 Weeks
• Panleukopenia (distemper)-Killed,
  Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus
• 9 Weeks
• Panleukopenia, Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus,
  Chlamydia, Leukemia

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Suggested Feline Vaccination Schedule

• 12 to 15 Weeks
• Panleukopenia, Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus,
  Chlamydia, Leukemia
• 16 to 19 Weeks
• Feline Infectious Peritonitis, Ringworm, First
  rabies
• Follow label directions for booster shots

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Diseases

• Non-infectious
• Feline Urological syndrome (fus)
• Entropion
• Wet eye

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Noninfectious

• Entropion
• eyeball sinks into socket and the eyelid spasms
  with discomfort.

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Noninfectious

• Wet Eye
• excessive tear production
• blockage of drainage canal causing the tears to
  overflow at the inner corner of the eyes

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Feline Urologic syndrome (fus)

• A feline urinary tract disease also referred to
  as FLUTD
• May range from mild inflammation to blockage of
  the urethra
• uremic poisoning and death can occur

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Internal Parasites

• Toxoplasmosis- prtozoan parasite Toxoplasm
  gondii infection
• Ascarids-Toxocara cati
• Hookworm-Ancylostoma tubaeforme
• Tapeworm-Dipylidium caninum

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External Parasites

• Lice- Felicola subrostratus
• Mites-denidex cati
• Feline Scabies-Notoedres cati
• Feline Mites-ear mites, walking dandruff mites,
  chiggers, fleas and ticks.

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Fungal Diseases and Poisonings

• Cats and dogs share the same concerns for fungal
  diseases and poisonings
• Insecticides
• Plants
• Household cleaners
• Rodenticides
• Antifreeze