MY GOAL:

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ISN page 160-161
Thurs 02.27.13
MT 16, Genetics

• TOPIC
• MY GOAL
• GET
• ON
• TASK

I will get a brief overview of genetic technology

1. If you did NOT take yesterdays MiniSum, you will
   leave the room for the first 10 minutes while we
   go over it

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Today
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Copy this on to pages 160-161

• Genetic Technology
• Genetic Engineering
• direct human manipulation of an organism's genome
  moving genes across speciesfor practical
  purposes
• Recombinant DNA
• rDNA is artificial DNA that is created by
  combining two or more sequences that would not
  normally occur together.

• How it affects me
• Transgenic Organism
• has been genetically engineered having genes from
  more than one organism
• GM Foods
• genes in food are modified by man!
• Gene Therapy
• experimental technique that uses genes to treat
  or prevent disease

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Genetic Engineering refers to a set of
technologies that are being used to change the
genetic makeup of cells and move genes across
species boundaries for practical purposesbut it
also to produces novel aka weird organisms!
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Genetic Engineering in MEDICINE
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Gene Therapy In Medicine

• Microbubbles used to deliver medicines
  Ultrasound causes the bubbles to release drugs
  bound to them. They think that when this happens,
  these bubbles will put little holes in the vessel
  linings of the blood brain barrier.
• We may be able to use these microscopic holes to
  get certain genes into the brain that would
  counteract some of the genetic disorders that are
  associated with Sanfilippo syndrome other
  genetic disorders.

• Gene therapy for sickle cell
  By inactivating a gene they
  previously discovered to be important in the
  laboratory, they were able to boost production of
  a healthy fetal form of hemoglobin in the mice
• potentially compensating for the defective adult
  hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to
  "sickle" and obstruct blood flow.

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In Medicine, cont.

• Goats producing therapeutic proteins Researchers
  have used gene therapy to reduce the time it
  takes to breed goats capable of producing
  therapeutic proteins in their milk, such as
  insulin or those that fight cancer.

• Mice tumor suppressor genes
  A mouse resistant to cancer, has been created at
  the U. of Kentucky they found a
  tumor-suppressor gene called "Par-4" which kills
  cancer cells but not normal cells

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GENE THERAPY
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Gene Therapy

• Experimental technique using genes to treat or
  prevent disease.
• Researchers testing several types
• Replacing a mutated gene that causes disease with
  a healthy copy of the gene ? using viruses!!!
• Viral DNA takes over human DNA

http//www.edu365.cat/aulanet/comsoc/Lab_bio/simul
acions/GeneTherapy/GeneTherapy.htm
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Recombinant DNA ?TRANSGENIC ORGANISMS
http//www.mnn.com/green-tech/research-innovations
/photos/12-bizarre-examples-of-genetic-engineering

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Transgenic Organisms

• 1 organism w/ two different genes
• Made by Recombining genes of two organisms ?
  Called Recombinant DNA technology
• Resulting organism called "genetically modified,"
  "genetically engineered," or "transgenic."
• Basically ? are plants, animals, or bacteria that
  have been genetically modified to contain a gene
  from a totally different species ?

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Transgenic Organisms
one organism, 2 DNAs
Bacteria Gene Human Gene
Recombinant DNA
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Transgenic Pigs, Fish, Mice, Bunnies!!!

• http//triplehelixblog.com/2010/10/sheep-goats-and
  -pigs-oh-my-milking-transgenic-animals-for-medicin
  e/
• http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4605202.st
  m
• http//www.mongabay.com/external/glowing_fish.htm
• http//news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/01/01
  11_020111genmice.html
• http//www.ekac.org/gfpbunny.htmlgfpbunnyanchor

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Transgenic Plants
http//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/09031
8211236.htm
http//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/09123
0174128.htm
http//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/10102
7124734.htm
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Transgenic Themed Art!!
Eduardo Kac made Alba
"Natural History of the Enigma," in which Kac
created a plantimal, a new life form he calls
"Edunia", a genetically-engineered flower that is
a hybrid of the artist and Petunia. The red
veins are from his DNA!
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GM FOODS
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GM FOODS

• Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) asoil bacterium
  that produces insecticidal toxins.
• Genes from Bt can be inserted into crop plants to
  make them capable of producing an insecticidal
  toxins therefore resistant to certain pests

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Genetically Modified Bananas

• Uganda 2007 - Bananas were engineered with rice
  genes that carry instructions for proteins called
  chitinases. Chitinases break up molecules called
  chitin found in insect skeletons and also the
  cell walls of fungi.
• Australia 2010 - GM bananas are being developed
  as part of Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, which
  is aimed at alleviating mineral health
  deficiencies in East Africa. ? GM bananas had
  genes added to increase the levels of pro-vitamin
  A and iron in the fruit ? could be available in
  East Africa in five years.

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• GM FOODS
• Tomatoes Genes from snapdragons anthocyanin
  pigment that is an antioxident seems to inhibit
  growth of cancer cells
• Pluots Plum Apricot extra Vit. C
• Tangelo Tangerine Grapefruit extra fiber
  Vit. C
• Diabetes-fighting lettuce no more injections!
  UCF professor has created a GM strain of that
  carries the insulin gene. The lettuce cells
  protect the insulin on its journey through the
  digestive tract, and when the insulin reaches the
  intestines, the bodys natural insulin-producing
  response is triggered.

Tangelo                                         
                                                  
                                                  
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The Lemato!

• Okay, so a lemon and a tomato arent the most
  natural of pairs, but that didnt stop Israeli
  researchers from bringing us the Lemato!
• Unlike other genetically altered fruits and
  veggies (which were created primarily for health
  reasons).
• it appears that the lemato was solely an
  experiment to determine if it was possible to
  make tomatos give off the scent of lemons.
• Mission accomplished!

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GM FOODS
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How to spot GM fruits vegetables at the store

• For conventionally grown fruit (grown with
  chemicals inputs), the PLU code on the sticker
  consists of 4 numbers.
• Organically grown fruit has a 5-numeral PLU
  prefaced by the number 9.
• Genetically engineered (GM) fruit has a
  five-numeral PLU prefaced by the number 8.
• Example 
• Conventional banana 4011. 
• Organic banana 94011.
• GM banana 84011.

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Genetic Engineering and Ethical Concerns Ethics
What is right what is wrong according to
your own personal views the views of society
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Whats the Point?

• GM products include medicines vaccines, foods
  food ingredients, feeds, and fibers.
• Ex. Glowing tomatoes glow gene from jellyfish
• Ex. Florescent Green pigs to see development
• To make fish bigger
• To make crops yield more
• Dev. no tear onion
• Dev. Colored cotton
• Enhance taste of foods
• Increased food security for starving nations
• To dev. transplant organs from animals pig
  hearts
• Make medicine (insulin from transgenic bacteria
  pigs)

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http//www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2007/07/30/washi
ngton/20070730_biotech_graphic.html
Borrowed Genes
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Bio Ethics

• The study of ethical issues and decision-making
  associated with the use of living organisms
• Balancing benefits risks.
• While scientific research has produced social
  benefits, it has also posed some troubling
  ethical questions ? not everyone agrees with it.

http//io9.com/!345728/geneticists-discover-a-way
-to-extend-lifespans-to-800-years
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Who has a right to your DNA?

• There are companies that market a service in
  which you can pay 1000.00 to find out what your
  DNA code says about you Discover your genetic
  risk for 47 diseases and traits ranging from
  Heart Attack and Diabetes to Alcohol Flush
  Reaction and Testicular Cancer

• What do you think it would feel like to know what
  your DNA said about you? Would you want to know
  what your DNA says?
• If people know your DNA, do you think you would
  be discriminated against personally or
  professionally????

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• So what do we do???
• "Genetic engineering is inherently dangerous,
  because it greatly expands the scope for
  horizontal gene transfer and recombination,
  precisely the processes that create new viruses
  and bacteria that cause disease epidemics, and
  trigger cancer in cells." - Dr. Mae-Wan Ho
• No matter how you feel about GMOs, the Earths
  population is estimated to hit 7 billion people
  this year. How do we feed all of these people if
  not through genetically engineered crops
  animals?

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1. Stand up for someone if you know they are being
   bullied.
2. Why? Because its the RIGHT thing to do
3. KARMA!

HOMEWORK
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