Unit 16 - Plant Systems

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Unit 16 - Plant Systems

• On the following slides, the green sections are
  the most important hyperlinks are shown in
  purple.
• Underlined words vocabulary!
• Background Image http//www.respect-texas.org/blue
  bonnets.jpg

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Introduction
Image

• The Texas Bluebonnet (Lupinus texensis) is our
  state flower and a plant native to Texas.
• Remember that plants are NOT dead, but very much
  alive and composed of eukaryotic cells!
• In this unit we will discuss the systems in
  plants, specifically transport, reproduction, and
  response.

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(No Transcript)
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Review of Plant CellsTextbook Reference pg.
559,605

• Plants are multicellular eukaryotes w/ cell walls
  made of cellulose.
• Plants are autotrophs that carryout
  photosynthesis to obtain energy.
• To carry out cellular functions, plants need
• Sunlight
• Water
• CO2
• Minerals

http//www.terrebonneonline.com/plantcell1.jpg
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Review of Photosynthesis Textbook Reference pg.
559

• 6CO2 6H20 LIGHT C6H1206 602
• (Carbon dioxide) (water)
  (glucose)
  (oxygen)
• Photosynthesis the process by which autotrophs
  convert light energy and carbon dioxide into
  glucose as a food source for the plant.

http//s2.hubimg.com/u/701793_f520.jpg
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Cell Differentiation

• Plants have cell differentiation (different cell
  types perform specific functions).
• EX Root cells, stem cells, and flower petal cells
  all have specific functions (jobs) that they
  carry out for the plant.
• AKA Cell Specialization

http//lifescitpjhs.wikispaces.com/file/view/Diffe
rentiationPlant.png/301427382/DifferentiationPlant
.png
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Absorption via Roots Textbook Reference pg.
612-613

• Roots are specialized underground organs that
  absorb water and minerals necessary for the plant
  and anchor hold the plant in the soil and help
  to prevent soil erosion.
• tap root (ex carrot) single large central root
  
• fibrous root (ex grasses) clump of short
  threadlike divisions

http//www.kidsgardening.com/onlinecourse/Diagrams
/c5/c5-1root.gif
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Transport via Stems Textbook Reference pg.
615-617
http//www.arboretum.fullerton.edu/grow/images/pla
nt_organs.jpg

• Stems are specialized tissues that support
  leaves to hold them up to sun, and transport
  water, sugars, and nutrients through the plant.
• Some stems are also modified for glucose sugar
  storage areas.

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Transport Cont. Textbook Reference pg. 562, 608,
610

• Just like in animals, vascular tissues transport
  materials for plants.
• Xylem transports water (L for liquid) via
  capillary action in stacked cells to form
  straw-like drinking tubes movement is up from
  roots to leaves
• Phloem transports glucose movement can be up
  and down

http//3.bp.blogspot.com/_b8o0_bDa4QI/RsKvBY5ZufI/
AAAAAAAAAF0/BmCafNOYe6A/s400/xylem15B15D.gif
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Photosynthesis via Leaves Textbook Reference pg.
617-619

• Leaves are the tissues where most photosynthesis,
  and transpiration evaporation from plants
  occurs.
• Veins run through the leaves, transport water,
  glucose, minerals, etc. to the plant cells

http//www.ecomagic.org/fruition/leaves-1.jpg
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Photosynthesis Cont. Textbook Reference pg.
697, 619 Fig 23.19

• Stomata are openings in leaf tissue, much like
  the pores in our skin, used for gas exchange.
• Guard cells control the opening and closing of
  stoma the cells surround the opening contain
  numerous mitochondria for energy conversion

http//evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/in
terviews/stoma_diagram.gif
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Stomates forming cells in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Image
http//mips.helmholtz-muenchen.de/plant/static/ima
ges/blumeninschwabenArabidopsisThaliana.jpg
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Reproduction via Flowers Textbook Reference pg.
642 Fig 24.9

• Flowers are a reproductive organ (not all plants
  have flowers) with male and female parts.
• pollination transporting pollen (male sperm) to
  female part (ovule)
• fertilization union of sperm with egg (creates
  a development of a plant embryo seed which
  grows into a mature plant).

http//www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/families/flwr
parts.jpg
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Flowers Cont.

• Male
• Stamen consist of the anther (produces pollen)
  and filament (supports anther)
• Pollen contains sperm
• Female
• Pistil consists of the stigma, (where pollen
  lands), style, (connects stigma to ovary), and
  the ovule (develops into the fruit)
• Ovule develops into an egg, eventually becomes
  the seed when fertilized
• Non-sexual
• Petals colored parts, attract pollinators (EX
  bees)
• Sepals green parts, protect flower parts

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Flower Parts Cont.
http//www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artoct08/bj-pe
ru.html
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Reproductive Tissues - Fruit Textbook Reference
pg. 594

• Fruits develop from a flowers female
  reproductive structure(s), and sometimes other
  parts too.
• The fruits contain the seed(s)
• provide a means to spread and disperse the
  seed(s) and/or as a food source rich in
  nutrients for the germinating seed.
• EX fleshy fruit like strawberries, apples,
  tomato,
• EX dry fruit like walnuts and acorns

http//visual.merriam-webster.com/images/food-kitc
hen/food/fruits/tropical-fruits_4.jpg
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Reproductive Tissues Seeds Textbook Reference
pg. 594

• Seed Plants form seeds (a plant embryo surrounded
  by a food supply) in order to reproduce.
• Seeds are encased in a protective covering
  called a seed coat.
• EX fleshy fruit such as strawberries, apple,
  tomato, peach, cucumber
• EX dry fruit such as walnuts and acorns

http//asm.wku.edu/courses/Biol115/Wyatt/Plants/se
eds/seed.gif
http//urbanext.illinois.edu/gpe/images_rev/seed-p
ics.jpg
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Seedless Reproduction Textbook Reference pg.
562, 582 Fig 22.6

• Seed plants form seeds (a plant embryo surrounded
  by a food supply) in order to reproduce.
• Seeds are encased in a protective covering
  called a seed coat.

http//www.kidsgardening.com/onlinecourse/Diagrams
/c10/c10-4fern.gif
Photo and caption by Bente Haarstad
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Response Textbook Reference pg. 624-625

• Just like animals, plants respond to changes in
  their environments (called tropism).
• There are four main types of tropisms
• Gravitropism/Geotropism response in plants that
  make it grow either with the pull of gravity or
  against it
• Hydrotropism response that bends it towards
  water
• Phototropism response that bends it towards
  light
• Thigmotropism response that bends it around an
  object (EX a vine wrapping around an arbor)

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Response Cont.
http//withfriendship.com/images/h/38808/Tropism-p
icture.gif
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Response Cont.

• Another type of response, specifically to changes
  in pressure, is called a nastic response.
• The most common example is the infamous Venus
  flytrap which closes its leaf when the plant
  senses an insect to digest nutrients using
  enzymes.
• Nastic Slideshow

http//www.justvenusflytraps.com/images/homepageim
age.jpg
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Plant Hormones Textbook Reference pg. 622-623

• A hormone is a chemical produced in one part of
  an organism that is transported to another part
  where it causes a physiological change - plant
  hormones regulate the growth and development in
  plants

Image

• Some hormones include
• Auxins promote cell elongation and growth
• Gibberellins promote cell elongation, bud
  development and seed germination
• Cytokinins stimulate mitosis and cell division

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Conclusion

• Plants provide consumers with oxygen to breathe,
  food, shelter, as well as cleaning the air and
  water for the planet.
• Just like animals, plants are active responders
  within various environments to survive and
  thrive.
• Their use and importance is numerous humans use
  plants with healing properties in medical
  treatments.

Photograph by Luis del Río