Dr. Sun Olapiriyakul

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IE1302473 Industrial Ecology and Multi-lifecycle
Engineering
Carbon Footprints
Dr. Sun Olapiriyakul
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Carbon Footprint ????????
Carbon Footprint ?????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????? ???????????????????????? CO2 (????
C) ?????????????? eCO2 ???? equivalent CO2
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Primary Green House Gas Sources
Where do the GHGs come from?

1. Energy ??????????????
2. Industry ??????????
3. Forestry ????????????????????????????
4. Agriculture ?????????
5. Transportation ??????? ?????
6. Residential and Commercial buildings ?????
7. Waste and wastewater ?????????????

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Global Warming Gases and their Sources
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Global Warming Potential
GHGs ?????????????????????????????????????????? GW
P ????????????? GHGs ?????????????????????????????
??????????
GHGs Lifetime Global warming potential (GWP) Global warming potential (GWP) Global warming potential (GWP) Sources
GHGs Lifetime 20 yr 100 yr 500 yr Sources
CO2 variable  1  1  1 Fossil fuels, cement production, deforestation
CH4 12 72  25  7.6 Livestock, biomass, landfill gas, rice paddle fields
N2O 114 289  298  153 Fertilizers, fossil fuels, combustion of fossil fuels
SF6 3200 16300  22800  32600 High-voltage equipment, sound proof windows, car tires
PFC14  50,000 5210 7390  11220  Aluminium production, semiconductor production
HFC23 270 12000 14800 12200 Coolants, solvents, fire fighting resources
Anthropogenic greenhouse gases Source
IPCC/TEAP (2005) (http//www.ipcc.ch/publications_
and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch2s2-10-2.html)
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Carbon or Carbon Dioxide ?
?????????? carbon footprint ??????????????????????
?????? Carbon ????????????? ??????????????? CO2
???? C ????????
???????? CO2 ????? 12 ??????????? 44
?????????????????????? C ???? 9.4 Kg of CO2/Kg
9.412/44 2.56 Kg of C/Kg
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????????????????????? Carbon Footprint

• Manage (???????????????)
• Quantify Sources
• Identify Trends and Patterns
• Reduce (??)
• Strategically Minimize and/or Prevent
• Reduce Costs
• Report and Disseminate (????????????????)
• Customer Expectations
• Corporate Social Responsibility
• Legislation or Government Reporting
• Offset Strategy (??????????????????????????)
• ?????????? carbon credit

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Why Calculate Your Footprint? To Know Size of
Your "Footprint"
Which generates highest amount of carbon
emissions?
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
Which generates highest amount of carbon
emissions?
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World GHG Emissions by Sector (Yr 2000)
Total global estimate of 41755 Mt eCO2
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
2007
???????????????? ????????????????????
(????????????????????) ???????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????????????????
?????????????
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Carbon Footprint ??????????????????
Source www.nationmaster.com
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
GHG Emissions per capita
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
Carbon Footprint Embedded CO2e from Various
Electric Power Generation Sources
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
Contribution by Industrial Sector
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
Contribution by Transportation Sector
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
Carbon Footprint of Various Modes
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
Carbon Footprint of Various Fuels expressed in
CO2e (g/MJ)
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
Contribution of Agricultural Sector
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
Carbon footprint of Meat and Vegetables (UK Data)
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
Advertised as not from concentrate
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
Not From Concentrate
From Concentrate
Juice
Juice
Pasteurization
Water Removal
Deaeration
Storing
Storing in a Huge Tank
Water Adding
Flavoring
ChemicalsOrange oil
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Why Calculate Your Footprint?
Carbon footprint ??? Freshly Squeezed Juice
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????
Carbon footprint of Orange Juice Packaging (UK
data)
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Carbon Footprint ???????????

• Carbon Footprints ?????????
• Individual Footprints ????????
• Organizational/Business Footprints ?????????
• Event Footprints ????????????
• Product Footprints ????????????

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Individual Carbon Footprints
???????????????????? (eCO2) ??????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????

• ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
  CO2 ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????
• ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ?????? CO2 ??????????????????? (takeoff)
• ?????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? CO2
• ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ??? CO2 ???????????????????????????????????

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Individual Carbon Footprints
How big is your footprint? www.carbonfootprint.co
m
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Individual Carbon Footprints
????????????????????????? 1 kg of CO2e ???????
carbon footprint ??????????

• ???????????????????? ???? ??????????????????
  ??????????? 10-12 ??
• ??????????????????????? 6 ?? ???????????????????
  ???????? 16.5 kpl.
• ???????????????????????????????? 2.2 ?? (1.375
  miles)
• ?????????????? 32 ?? ???????????????????????????
  ?????????? 60 watt
• ????????????????? 5 ?? ???? ?????????? 2 ???
• ??????? cheeseburger 1/3 ????

Note Consumption of 1 gal gasoline 8.7 kg
CO2e, 1 gal diesel 9.95 kg CO2e, 1 gal heating
oil 11.26 kg CO2e
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Carbon Footprint Calculator Websites
Carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx
http//thaicfcalculator.tgo.or.th/
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Individual Footprints A Calculator Methodology
General Information
Location (???????) ??????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????? ????
??????????????????? ???????????? ???
????????????????????????????????????????????
Size of household (?????????????????????)
????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????? Software
???????????????????????????????????????????????
emissions ????????? per capita emissions.
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A Calculator Methodology Automobile Travel
?????????????? (Inputs) ???????????????????? ???
???????????????????????? (fuel efficiency)
??????????????????????????????? ?????? ???? ???
?????????????????? ????????????? fuel efficiency
????????? 30 mpg US ???? 12.75 km per
liter ??????????????????????????? fuel efficiency
???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????
??????????? ??????? emissions factor (8.8
kg/gallon ?????????????????? ??? 10.1 kg/gallon
?????????????????) ????????????????????????? CO2
??????? kg
??????????????? CO2 ??????????????????????????????
??????? ????????????????? Carbon
?????????????????????????????? Gasoline carbon
content per gallon 2,421 gramsDiesel carbon
content per gallon 2,778 grams CO2 emissions
from a gallon of gasoline 2,421 grams x 0.99 x
(44/12) 8,788 grams 8.8 kg/gallon CO2
emissions from a gallon of diesel 2,778 grams x
0.99 x (44/12) 10,084 grams 10.1
kg/gallon For all oil and oil products, the
oxidation factor used is 0.99 (99 percent of the
carbon in the fuel is eventually oxidized, while
1 percent remains un-oxidized. http//www.epa.go
v/oms/climate/420f05001.htm
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A Calculator Methodology Airplane Travel
The total number of miles for each type of flight
is multiplied by the emissions factor for that
type of flight to get pounds of carbon dioxide,
which are then added together to get the total
carbon footprint from air travel.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? (short (250
miles), medium (800 miles), long (2500 miles),
and extended flights (5000 miles)) emissions
factors ??????????????????????????????? Short
flight 0.64 lbs/mile Medium flight 0.45
lbs/mileLong flight 0.39 lbs/mileExtended
flight 0.39 lbs/mile
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A Calculator Methodology Home Energy
Carbon Emissions from Electricity Use
?????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????? (/kWh)
?????????????????????????????? emission factor
???????????????????????? If green power sources
that do not result in carbon emissions are used,
then reduce the carbon output due to electricity
by the percentage of green power used. For
example, if 25 of the user's electricity use is
supplied by green power, the carbon emissions due
to electricity are reduced by 25.
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A Calculator Methodology Home Energy
Other fuels (natural gas, heating oil, and
propane) ????????????????????????????????????????
???????? Emissions factor ??????????????????????
???????? emissions factors ???????????????????????
???????????? Natural gas 121 lbs CO2 per 1000
ft3Heating oil 22.4 lbs CO2 per gallonPropane
12.7 lbs CO2 per gallon. Electric Power US
0.68 kg/kWh (1.50 lbs CO2e per kWh)
Thai 0.66 kg/kWh (1.45 lbs CO2e per
kWh) UK 0.48 kg/kWh
(1.06 lbs CO2e per kWh)
Source US EPA Electric Factors 1999-2002

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A Calculator Methodology Home Energy
CO2 emission per kWh ?????????????????????????????
????????????????????
Sweden                        0.08France         
                0.08Austria            
            0.20Canada                        0.2
2Finland                        
0.24Belgium                       0.29Spain     
                      0.48Japan                  
         0.48Italy                           
  0.59Germany                      0.60
USA                              
 0.61Netherlands                
0.64Greece                          
0.64United Kingdom       
0.64Portugal                       
0.64Ireland                         
0.70Denmark                      
0.84Luxembourg               1.08EU
average                  0.46
2003 data
?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????
????????????????? Emission ??? ???????????????????
??????????????????????? Emission ???
Amount of energy produced by nuclear power France
77.1 UK 23.1 Belgium 59.3 US 20.7
Source http//www.nationmaster.com/graph/ene_ele_
pro_by_sou_nuc-energy-electricity-production-sourc
e-nuclear
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A Calculator Methodology Overall Results
Carbon Footprint from Home Energy Use
Transportation
Carbon footprint ?????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????? carbon
dioxide ??????????????????????????????????????????
???? ???????? ????????????????????????? 32
????????? carbon dioxide ?????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????? (6.8 ton (15000
lb) of eCO2 per capita per year)
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A Calculator Methodology Overall Results
Sum overall all categories and interpret based on
Table below
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Individual Footprints
Extend to include other categories and additional
details. Ref http//bie.berkeley.edu/calculator.
htm

• Vehicle manufacturing emissions 7,891 kg CO2e
  per vehicle (conventional automobile assuming
  160,000 miles useful life)1
• Transit rail emissions 13 gCO2/passenger-mile
  and bus emissions 72 gCO2/passenger-miletypical
  operations
• Water and sewage emissions gCO2/yr Water and
  sewage costs /mo 12 mo/yr Water and sewage
  emissions 4042 gCO2/2
• Housing construction emissions gCO2/yr
  Square feet of household sqft Housing
  emissions 965 gCO2/(sqftyr)

1 Center for Trans. Research, Argonne National
Laboratory, GREET 2.8a 2 EIO-LCA data
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Individual Carbon Footprints
Values from EIO-LCA

• Food   
• Meat, fish protein 1452 gCO2/(2006)
• Cereals Bakery Products 741 gCO2/(2006)
• Dairy 1911 gCO2/(2006)
• Fruits Vegetables 1176 gCO2/(2006)
• Eating Out 368 gCO2/(2006)
• Other 467 gCO2/(2006)
• Goods Services   
• Clothing 436 gCO2/(2006)
• Furnishings household items 459gCO2/(2006)
• Other goods 338 gCO2/(2006)
• Services 178gCO2/(2006)

Emissions gCO2/yr Sum of categories (Dollars
spent on each category /mo Emissions for
each category gCO2/12 mo/yr)
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Carbon Footprint ??? ?.????? ??????????
Carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx
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Carbon Footprint ??? ?.????? ??????
http//thaicfcalculator.tgo.or.th/
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Individual Carbon Footprints
Carbon Footprint ?????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????? ?????? CO2 ??????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????? carbon footprint
????????????????????????????????????? ???????????
?? carbon footprint ????????????????????????????
2,000 kg CO2e per year and per person
????????????????????????????????????
(sustainable living)
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Organization/Business Footprints
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Step 1 Define the Boundaries Scope
Adapted from the NZBCSD and GHG Protocol
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Step 2 Collecting Data
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How to Calculate a Carbon Footprint
Step 3 Calculate Emissions and convert GHGs to
CO2e
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Carbon Footprint for Universities Rice University
Energy Emissions - University Buildings
Facilities
Natural Gas
Coal
1.6 lbs CO2/Kwh
The Nine Colleges
Nuclear
Electricity
Reliant
Renewables
1.22 lbs CO2/Kwh
Natural Gas
Rice Co-Generation Facility
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Carbon Footprint (tonnes CO2e) By Year in School
Juniors Seniors highest Seniors by Car
Juniors by Plane
Car Plane Electricity
Total
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Princeton University Wedge Methodology
Strategies to REDUCE CARBON FOOTPRINT and Manage
Wisely
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Princeton University Wedge Methodology
Example of 15 current technology strategies that
could be scaled up over the next 50 yrs to reduce
global CO2 emissions by 1 billion tons per year
or one wedge. Its not easy and lots of
uncertainties.
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Princeton University Wedge Methodology
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Princeton University Wedge Methodology
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How to Calculate a Carbon Footprint for Products
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How to Calculate a Carbon Footprint for Products
Product Assessment follows LCA structure but
limited to Global Warming Impact
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Carbon Footprint of Vegetable
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Carbon Footprint of Vegetable
Source http//www.dpi.qld.gov.au/26_14599.htm
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Carbon Footprint of Organic Potatoes at Tesco in
UK
Source http//thriftyliving.net/?cat8
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Carbon Footprint of Organic Potatoes at Tesco in
UK
Israel, 3700 km (2300 miles) from the UK.
Of the three types of organic potatoes Tesco was
selling, two were from Israel, one from Egypt
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Carbon Footprint of a Bag of Potato Chip

• Carbon footprint is 75g. of eCO2
• Percentage of our carbon footprint is expended at
  each stage
• 44 Our raw materials Potatoes, sunflowers and
  
• seasoning2) 30 Manufacture Producing
  crisps from potatoes3) 15 Packaging our
  crisps4) 9 Distribution Bringing our crisps
  to you5) 2 Disposal of the empty packs

Solution Walkers now pays farmers a bonus if
their potatoes are drier, which has helped reduce
a bag of chips' carbon footprint by 7 percent.