?????????????

1
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• ?20????21????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ???????????????
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• ?

3

• ?DNA????????
• ???????(20??50????)??????????,??????????????,????
  ??????????,???????????????????
• ???????(20??80????)

4

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• ???????????
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5
??????????(?)????????

• 1??????????
• ???????????????????,????????,????????????
• 2????????
• ?????????????(???????)
• ????????(1974?)
• ????(1987?)

6
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7

• 3. ?????????
• 1983?,???????????
• 1987?,??????????
• 1988?,??????????
• 1992?,????????
• 1994?,????????
• 20????????FDA??
• 13??????????
• ??????????6??
• 2000?????????1996?????
• ??2020????80 -90???????????

8
4. ????????????

• 1996?170???? 1997?1100???? 1998?2780????
• 1999?3990???? 2000?4420????
• 2001????????????????5000????
• ????????,2001????????????????????,???????????
• ??????????????,2001??????3570???,??????1180???,???
  320???,??150????

9
(?)?????????

• ??????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????
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• ?????, ???????3.5???8.5(????????17???)
• ?????????,???????????
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• ?40???????
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10

• ?????
• ???????????(??)??????????----?????
  (??????),??????????????
• ???????
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• ???????,
• ?????????????,?????????????,??????????????

11
(?)?????????

• 2000??,???????????????????100??,??12????,????????4
  000??
• ?????
• ???????????60,
• ??????????
• 1996? 2.35???
• 1998? 12-15???
• 2000? 30?????
• ?? 2005? 60???
• 2010? 200???

12

• ????????????
• 1997? 40???
• 2002? 85???

13

• ???????????????
• ?????????,????8-12?
• ???????????,???????,
• ??????
• ???????,????

14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
????
Crop Cultivar Name Method Used to Induce Mutation
rice Calrose 76 gamma rays
wheat Above sodium azide
wheat Lewis thermal neutrons
oats Alamo-X X-rays
grapefruit Rio Red thermal neutrons
grapefruit Star Ruby thermal neutrons
burmuda grass Tifeagle gamma rays
burmuda grass Tifgreen II gamma rays
burmuda grass Tift 94 gamma rays
burmuda grass Tifway II gamma rays
lettuce Ice Cube ethyl methanesulphonate
lettuce Mini-Green ethyl methanesulphonate
common bean Seafarer X-rays
common bean Seaway X-rays
lilac Prairie Petite thermal neutrons
St. Augustine grass TXSA 8202 gamma rays
18
??????
19
???? ??? ?????? ????
DNA---mRNA---???-??
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
????????(??)
????(??????,?????????)
??????
24
??????
25
????
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
??????????
?CMV???????
?CMV???????
29
Two tomato plants artificially inoculated with
bacterial speck disease. Plant on left has been
genetically engineered with a gene for resistance
to the disease, and plant on right is a
susceptible, non-engineered variety.
30
Swiss researchers have produced rice capable of
synthesizing beta-carotene, the precursor of
Vitamin A (Ye et al., 2000). This rice variety is
now being crossed into adapted varieties, with
field tests possible in a year or two.
Grape vines are susceptible to several diseases
that reduce the amount and the quality of wine
grapes and table grapes or even kill the vine.
Genes that confer resistance to particular
diseases would reduce the cost of battling
diseases in the vineyard. Researchers at the
University of Florida have patented a method for
producing grape vines that carry a silkworm gene
to provide protection from Pierce's disease, a
fatal bacterial disease that affects grapes and
several other plants.
31
Canola is a major oilseed crop. Transgenic
research has focused on improving the nutritional
quality of canola oil by enhancing the Vitamin E
content or by modifying the balance of fatty
acids.
Nicotine-free tobacco is now being grown for a
projected introduction of nicotine-free cigarettes
Improved nutritional content and delayed ripening
are transgenic traits of interest in tomatoes.
Source USDA
32
Papaya is a tropical fruit rich in Vitamins A and
C, but susceptible to a number of serious pests
and diseases. The transgenic variety UH Rainbow,
resistant to the papaya ringspot virus, is
currently in production in Hawaii.
Decaffeinated coffee is now made by treating
coffee beans to remove the caffeine. Other
methods are criticized for removing some of the
desirable, flavor-producing components along with
the undesirable caffeine.
33
Improved Turfgrass for Lawns and Recreational
Areas There are a number of environmental
concerns associated with the current use of
turfgrass. These include the amount of chemicals
applied (fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, and
even green dyes) the large quantity of water
required to keep lawns healthy, especially in the
West the energy required to mow lawns
34
Food crops engineered to produce edible vaccines
against infectious diseases would make
vaccination more readily available to children
around the world.
White mold (Sclerotinia) is a serious problem for
sunflower producers in some areas. Resistance to
this disease would expand the area in which
sunflowers can be grown and might improve yields
in areas of current cultivation. A commercially
available cultivar is not expected before 2005.
35
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36
(No Transcript)
37
(?) ??????????

• 1. ???????????
• 2. ???????????????????????????(??????,???E )
• 3. ?????-???????
• 4. ????????

38
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39
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• (?)???????

40
1???????????
1986?,??????????????Renato
Dulbecco???????????(??
HGP)???? 1988?,??????????? 1987?,?????863???
?????????? ??
1990?,?????????????????? 1999?,????????????,??1
,??? ?????????????????3???
???????????
41
2?????????

• ?????DNA????,10????
• ????
• ????
• ????

42
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43
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44
??????? ???DNA???
?????????? (?????????)
45
DNA?????(????)
??????????(?DNA??)
46
??????30?????
47
???????????????????? (????????????)
48

• ???????????????????
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• ????????????????????
• ?????????---??(?)?
• ???????????,??????
• ???????--???????
• ???????--???,???
• ??????,??????,?????,????
• ?????,???????????????????(Wilson?)?
• ???,?????????????????
• ??????????????????
• 3. ?????? ????????????????.
• ???????????????????????????????????,
  ?????????,????????? -----?????????????,??????

49
3???????????

• ??????????--?????????????????????,????????HGP?????
  
• ?15???,?????????DNA??,??10????????,????,????
• ????????????
• ????????
• ??HGP????????????????

50

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51
(?)????????????

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• 4?????????????????????????,??????

52
(?)??????????

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• (1)????????
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53
2?????????????????

• (1)??????????
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• ?????????
• (2)????????
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54
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• 2???????????

55
????????

• ???? ?????? ???
• ??? Humulin
• Novolin
• Humalog
  ???
• ?????? TNF ????
• ?????? Neupogen
• ????? Protropin
• Humatrope
• NutropinAQ
  ???
• ???? rhuIFNa2b
• rhuIFNa2a
• rhuIFNB
  ??
• rhuIFNrlb HCV,
  ??
• HBV,HVC?
  ??,???????,?????
• ????? rhuIL
  ??,??
• ???????? RhuTpA
  ???,??

56
????????(??????????12????????10????????10?)

• ???? ?????? ???
• ??????a1b rhuIFNaIb ????????
• ?????? (EGF)
  ???????????
• ????????? (GCSF) ??
• ????????????? (GM-CSF) ?????????????
• ?????? (EPO)
  ??????????????
• ??????? (SK)
  ??????????????
• ?????? Humulin
• Novolin
• Humalog
  ???
• ?????-2 rhuIL-2
  ???

57
(?)???????????????????

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• 2?????????????
• 3????????

58
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• 1???????1nm10-9m

?????????????
(???????? ??????)
59
2??????????

• 1)?????????????
• ?????????????????,????DNA?RNA??????????
  ?????????????,??????????????????,?????????????????
  ?,?????,??????????????????
• 2)????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????

60

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61
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62

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• ??????
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  ?????????????????????????????

63

• 1. ????
• 2. ????
• 3. ????
• 4. ?????
• 5. ????

64

• 1. ????
• ?????--???????????,?????????????????,?????
  ?????2500???
• ?????-??????????
• ??????????-??????????????????????-???????
  ??,????,
• ??????????,????????,??????????????????,
  ?????????

65

• 2.????
• (1)?????????
• (2)??????????????????????????

66

• (3)???????-????
• ????-???????????????,??????????????
  ???
• ????15m?????,????? 10-20??,????
  50???
• ??????????????????????????
  ,????????????,100?????????? 8kg??????
• ??????? 1 0 0??????,
  ????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????, ?????
  0 . 6m, ????????????
• ???

67

• 3.????
• (1) ????,????,(????),????????????????????????????
  ??,??30??,??????????,
• (2) ????????,????????????(??????????)-?????????

68

• 4.?????
• ???????????????????????
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  ?????????????,????????????,?????????,?????????,???
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• ????,????????? ????????,????????

69

• 5.????
• (1)????
• ????-???????????,????????2?,??2??/?,????
• (2)??????
• ??????????????,??,??

70
? ? ?
71
(No Transcript)
72

• 1?????
• 2?????
• 3??????
• 4???????

73
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