The Creation of Race

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The Creation of Race

• How Colonial European Stereotyping contributed to
  the Rwandan Genocides in 1994

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Tribal War or Genocide?

• During three short months in 1994, in the small
  central African country of Rwanda, between
  500,000 and one million Tutsi were killed by
  their Hutu neighbors

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An estimated 800,000 people, in a population of 7
million, were wiped out in the 1994 genocide in
Rwanda. It was one of the worst slaughters in
human history. The aim of the Rwanda government
officials who encouraged it was to eliminate all
Tutsis from the country.
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Neither the U.S. government nor governments in
Europe did anything to stop the genocide. Only
the triumph of an invading Tutsi army three
months after the genocide's beginning in April
1994 put a halt to the killing.
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Rwandan men killed at one of the thousands of
massacre sites.
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This Tutsi man survived an attack by
machete-wielding assailants.
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Topics of Discussion

• History of pre-colonial Rwanda
• Define ethnic differences and similarities of
  Tutsi and Hutu
• Effects of colonization of Rwanda by Europeans
• The Aftermath of European Colonization

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Pre Colonial Rwanda

• approximately 85 per cent Hutu and 14 per cent
  Tutsi.
• the kings and upper class of both countries were
  Tutsi, the ordinary population Hutu.

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Great Lakes Region
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The shores of Lake Mollera, Ruanda
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Mother of Mutara III Rudahigwa, the queen mother
of Rwanda

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King Musinga and the royal family,
RwandaPhotographer unknownc. 1910,
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Tutsi man, Rwanda
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Hutu woman from the Belgian Congo

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Physical Differences

• Height
• Facial features
• Skin tone

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Type of work

• Hutus were an agricultural culture
• Tutsi were a pastoral culture

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Similarities

• Common Language
• Common Culture
• Lived in the same areas

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Colonization

• 1918 Under the treaty of versailles the former
  German colony of Rwanda-Urundi is made a League
  of Nations protectorate to be governed by Belgium

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Seperation

• 1926
• Belgians introduce a system of Ethnic Identity
  Cards differentiating Hutus from Tutsis

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• Both Germany and Belgium turned the traditional
  Hutu-Tutsi relationship into a racial divide
  based on European race standards.

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The Aftermath of European Colonization

• Since the independence of Rwanda, this
  separateness has periodically led to one group
  treating the other as a hated enemy in efforts to
  rule the countries.
• In a real sense, they now conceive of themselves
  as separate ethnic groups and races.