Creation II

1

• ?????

2

• Creation II
• ???????????
• I ?????
• II ????????

3

• I ?????
• ??? (???)
• ?????????,??????????????,???????????,?????
• ????????????,??????????
• ??????????????????,?????????????????????????,?????
  ??????
• ??????????????????????

4

• ??? (?????)
• ????????????????
• ??????????,???????????,????????????????
• ?????????????
• ??????????? ???????????,????,?????,??????,?????
  ??????,?????????????????????????,??????????

5

• II ???????
• ?????
• ?????????????,????? (Prometheus)
  ?Eros???????????,?????????????,???????,Athena?????
  ?????? ???????
• ????????????????,?????????????????

6

• ????????
• ??????,?????????????,?????,??,????????????????,?
  ?????,??????? ???????,???????,????,?????????,??
  ????(???????????) (??? ?????)
• ?,???????,??????

7

• ???????????
• ????????????,????????????,??????????????????????
  ???????,?????????,?????????????????????,??????????
  ,?????????,?????,????????,????????????
• ??????,?????,?????????

8

• ????,??????????????????????????Zeus (??) ??????
  (Prometheus) ????,????????????????????????????,(Ze
  us ???? Pandora ??????????)?

9

• ??
• ???????????
• ??????
• ???????,???????????????????????????????,?????,????
  ?,????,??????????????????? (Titans)?
• ????????????,??????????

10

• ????????
• ??? (???) ?????????????,???????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????
• ???????,????,?????????,?????????,??????

11

• ???????????
• ????????????????????,?????????????????,????????,?
  ???????,?????,???????,??Athena????????????
• ???????????
• ?????????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ????????????????

12

• ?????????
• ????????? ???????,???????,??????????????,?????
  ?????,????????(??),???????(?)?
• ????????????,??????????
• ???????????,??????,?????????????,??????????,
  ???????

13

• ????
• ????? ( a)???????(b) ?????????
• ?????????????
• ????????,?????????????????
• ??,?????
• ???????????,??????????????????,???????,??????????
  ????????????????????????????

14

• ??????????
• ?? ??????
• ?? ???????? ???
• ???? (??) ?????,??????,???????????,????,????,????
  ,????????????,???????? ????
• ?????,????,????????? ???
• ?????,???,???????,?????,?? ??,????,??????,?????
  ? ????????

15

• ??????? (1) ?????
• (2) ????
• ???? (1) ???????,?????????????????????????????
  ???????
• (2) ???????????,??????,?????

16

• ?????
• ?????????
• ??????,????,?????????????,????,??,?????
• ??????????
• ???????,???????,???????,????,??,???????,?????
• ????????????????????,????????????,??????,????????
  ???????
• ????????????????,??????????,????????

17

• ???????????
• ???? ??????????????!???(?)????????????????????
  ???????????????,??(????)?????,?? (??) ,???????!
• ???????? ????? ?????
• ??????
• ???????????,????,?????,?????????????,????????,
  ????,????????

18

• ?????????
• ?????????????????,???????????????????????,???????,
  ??????????????????????????

19

• Myths of Creation the Origins of Human Beings
  (compiled from Powell, Classical Myths, pp.
  106-133)
• Where do human beings come from? What sets them
  apart from other creatures? Why is it their fate
  to labor, suffer, and die? The myths of the
  ancient Greeks and Romans offered answers to
  these questions. Certain elements of the stories
  they told about human origins and the human
  conditions are strikingly similar to
  corresponding stories from Mesopotamia and the
  Bible.

20

• Prometheus, Maker of Mortals
• .. the maker of human beings is said to be
  Prometheus, the Titan who took Zeuss side in the
  battle against his brother and sister Titans.
• Like Cronus, and like Zeus himself, Prometheus
  was known especially for being clever, the
  inventor of many things, including the race of
  mortals. He was said to have fashioned human
  beings from mud and water or from mud combined
  with wind. The Roman poet Ovid gives the fullest
  surviving version of the story. After describing
  the emergence of the world from Chaos, Ovid tells
  us that Prometheus made the human race by mixing
  primeval earth and water.

21

• Because the earth contained divine seed, the
  human was a superior being
• An animal blessed with a higher soul was still
  needed,
• One abler to reason more deeply, one able to
  govern the others.
• So man was born. Perhaps the maker of all things
  produced him
• Of heavenly seed, in hopes of creating a yet
  better world.
• Or perhaps the newborn world, freshly set off
  from the ether,
• Still retained a few seeds of the heaven from
  which it had come.
• The son of Iapetus Prometheus fashioned earth
  and water commingled
• Into the image of gods, who are rulers of all
  things created.
• The other beasts, four-footed, gaze at the earth,
  looking downward
• But man was given a posture which forces his eyes
  to the heavens,
• Walking erect and lifting his sight to the stars
  in their courses. (Ovid, Metamorphoses, 176-86)

22

• A related Eastern story also told how humans were
  made from mud or clay. Hence our bodies turn to
  dust when we die, a version that entered the
  biblical narrative of how the Lord God formed
  man of dust from the ground and breathed into his
  nostrils the breath of life and man became a
  living being (Genesis, 2.4)

23

• The Sumerian Creation of Man from Mud
• .. Enki (the clever god) instructed Ki, Earth,
  and together they fashioned servants of clay to
  provide for the gods needs --- the prototypes of
  ordinary humans.
• The story explains the origin of ordinary human
  beings a creature so made and destined to serve
  as slave of the gods and can never hope for
  happiness.

24

• Prometheus, Protector of Mortals (Human Beings)
• Prometheus had much in common with his Eastern
  predecessor Enki, and in the classical tradition
  he was the creator of the mortals. He was also
  their protector, an important figure to modern
  European culture. His lineage was as lofty as
  that of Zeus, for his father Iapetus was a Titan,
  brother of Cronus. Prometheus essential quality
  is encoded in his name, which means
  forethinker, like a character from folklore.
  His name has the same linguistic root as Metis,
  Cleverness, Zeuss first consort, and points to
  his inventive intelligence.

25

• Ancient myth usually depicts early human beings
  as having lived in a paradise, now lost, a
  biblical Eden. The Greeks (and Mesopotamians)
  also told stories of a better time in the remote
  past. Prometheus taught them (human beings)
  brick making, woodworking, the calendar, numbers,
  writing, animal husbandry, and seafaring.
• The highest human skills, then, are the gifts of
  Prometheus medicine, metallurgy, and prophecy
  from dreams, the shape of intestines, and
  astronomical phenomena. Prometheus is the great
  culture-bearer. He made human life what it is.

26

• Prominent Themes in Classical Stories of Human
  Origins
• The Greeks and Romans did not have a book of
  Genesis to decree what one should believe about
  the origin of humans and their early life in the
  long-ago faraway times when mortals lived close
  to gods. Hesiods account was by far the most
  popular, but other traditions abounded. Although
  different in detail, most reports agreed that
  human came from the earth, a theme that first
  appeared in Mesopotamian myth. Of course, the
  notion that Earth is a mother is logical and may
  appear independently in any culture.
• Humans may simply emerge from the earth, growing
  like plants from seeds or semen placed within it.
  Deucalion threw stones over his shoulder like a
  man sowing a furrow, and up sprang men the
  Giants, too, were born when the semen-blood from
  Uranus severed genitals fell to the earth.

27

• A second way for mortals to issue from the earth
  is at the hands of an artisan god. So Hephaestus
  made Pandora from clay. A tradition later than
  Hesiod says that Prometheus mixed clay with wind
  to make the first humans, as in the biblical
  story the creator made Adam by breathing on the
  dust of the earth.
• The image of humans growing from the earth is
  derived from agriculture the tradition of the
  artisan god derives from pottery making.

28

• The essential quality of humans is to be mortal,
  destined to die. This quality separates us
  forever from the company of the gods. Because
  gods too emerged from Gaea/Earth, they and
  mortals share a common origin, .. Now we (human
  beings as mortals) live apart from the gods, eat
  cooked meat, labor for our keep, marry to
  reproduce, and die.
• (Powell, Classical Myth, pp. 106-133).