An-Najah National University

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An-Najah National University Civil Engineering
Department  Analysis of the Water
Distribution Network of Balata refugee
camp   Submitted by
Maysa Ayoub
Supervisor Dr. Mohammad Almasri
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The importance of water distribution network

• Water distribution network is necessary in order
  to facilitate the process of providing consumers
  with clean water and quantity that suit their
  needs and control the quality of this water
  because the presence of this network ensure
  unpolluted water and access to consumers with
  best quality.

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Purpose of project

• The project aims to hydraulically analyze the
  water distribution network of Balata refugee camp
  .This is done by using EPANET software

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Study area

• Balata camp was established in the Northern part
  of the West Bank near Nablus with area of 252
  km² and on elevation range(480-520m)has a
  population of 15,247 inhabitants (2007)
  
  

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Methodology

• statistics information data collection water
  consumption, GIS layers.
• Data preparation using Excel.
• Analyze the network under current
• condition using EPANET.
• Analyze the network under future condition.

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Preparing data

• Calculation of per capita daily consumption
• volume of consumption in (m³) for (2009) were
  taken from the Municipality for 85 house after
  that, we calculate the per capita daily
  consumption.
• 81 L/day capita per capita daily consumption

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Calculation of population in 2009

• the population in 1997and 2007 is respectively
  13187, 15247 using this formula
• Pf Pp (1i) n
• the growth rate equal 1.46 then we calculate
  the population in 2009 and equals 17150

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calculation of base demand

• from GIS program we find the area of the
  building in each loop

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• find the density by divide the population on
  total area by multiply the density by the area of
  building in each loop we find the population in
  that loop then by multiply it by the consumption
  per capita we find the total demand at that loop
• Assume that every node of that loop take the
  same amount of Q then we divide Q on number of
  node

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Existing network

• GIS file from the Municipality, has several
  layers , Nablus Contour layer , Water main
  connection and building layer

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Transferring the Map to EPANET

• The Shp2epa program was used to transfer the map
  from the GIS to EPANET

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Preparing the data required for analysis

• Junctions
• 1.base demand prepared previously 2. elevation
  from the GIS file we have the contour layer of
  the study area

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pipes

• the length of the pipe is found in the EPANET
  file when transferring it from GIS .
• Diameters and roughness taken from GIS using the
  identify tool or the attribute table

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Pump

• pump characteristic curve taken from the
  Municipality
• flow 200 CMH
• Head300 m

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Network Analysis

• The analysis done for two cases
• Existing steady state .
• Future network analysis.

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Existing steady state

• There is no negative pressure, the highest
  pressure was 252 m and the node near the pump
  was227 m , the lowest pressure was128 m

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The relation between the pressure and the
elevation is inverse proportion
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the velocity results within the range (0.3-2)
m/sec. There is some velocity above 2 m/sec and
there are some velocity below 0.3 m/sec
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Future network

• In this case the future analysis for the existing
  network after 25 years from now
• To estimate the future water demand for each node
  , the existing water demand will be multiplied by
  a factor

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Factor

• The population after 25 years 24640
• According to WHO the future consumption per
  capita (100-150 ) L/day per capita
• the roughness decrease assume becomes 110
• The factor 2.13

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Recommendations

• some pipes will be replaced by larger pipes

Recommended diameter(mm) Previous Diameter (mm) Pipe ID
254 203 211
203 152 262
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As we see there are negative pressures in the
future case, but we can solve this problem if we
replace the existing pump by another pump with
flow450CMH and head 300m.  
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THE END