SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM 2

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SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM 2

• Ukhti Diwi Abbas

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Topik

• Tokoh-Tokoh pada zaman moden
• Imam Qardawi
• Prof Ismail Faruqi

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Egyptian Scholar Modern era Egyptian Scholar Modern era
Name Yusuf al-Qardawi
Birth Born in 9 September 1926 in Sift Turab, a small village on the Nile Delta, Egypt
Place of Studies Al-Azhar University (PhD) in 1973
Work Teacher, Writer Dean of College of Shariah and Islamic Studies Director of the Center for Sunnah and Sirah Studies, University of Qatar Chairman of the Islamic Councils of Algerian Universities and Institutions Head of the European Council for Fatwa and Research
Publication 100 works
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Early Life

• His father died when he was two years old
• Traditional, Religious family
• Finished memorising the Quran when he was nine
  years old
• A student of Hassan al-Banna (Muslim Brotherhood)
• At 14, became an imam at the mosque of his
  village

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Early Life

• Continued schooling at Azhari secondary school
• started teaching fiqh at 19
• Was imprisoned several times for his involvement
  with the Muslim Brotherhood Movement
• Continued his studies at Al-Azhar University for
  his degrees (BA PhD)

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Secularism

• Defined Secularism as la dini (irreligious or
  not religious)
• Division between dini (religious) and ghayr
  dini (not-religious) is un-Islamic, Western in
  origin
• He disagrees with Mawdudis definition of
  secularism as Ilhad (atheism) as Ilhad means
  denying the existence of God but secularism
  does not deny God.

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Secularism

• The secularists in the West denied churchs right
  to interfere in government, politics, economics,
  education, culture, matters of science and in
  daily life
• Islam cannot accept this division
• Secularism calls for separation between religious
  and worldly affairs leads to kufr

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Secularism

• Secularism can be accepted in a Christian society
  but it can never be accepted in an Islamic
  society
• Acceptance of secularism means abandonment of
  Sharia and a denial of divine guidance
• A call for secularism among Muslims is akin to
  atheism and a rejection of Islam

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Palestinian Scholar Modern era Palestinian Scholar Modern era
Name Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi
Birth Born in 1 January 1921 in Jaffa, Palestine
Death Died 27 May 1986 in America
Places of Studies French Domonican College des Freres (SLTA) American University of Beirut (B.A.) Indiana Universitys Graduate of School of Arts and Sciences (M.A.) Harvard University (M.A.) Indiana University (PhD) Al-Azhar University (Post-Graduate)
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Islamization

• As social scientists, we have to look back at our
  training and reshape it in the light of the
  Quran and the Sunnah. This is how our
  forefathers made their own original contributions
  to the study of history, law and culture. The
  West borrowed their heritage and put it in a
  secular mold. Is it asking for too much that we
  take this knowledge and Islamize it?
• Al-Faruqi

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Early Life

• Studied Islam from his own father and the local
  mosque
• His father was an Islamic judge
• When Israel occupied Palestine, he and family
  left for Beirut
• Work as a Registrar of Cooperative Societies
  (1941-1945)
• Left for US in 1948 to further his studies

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Life (Ctd)

• 1953 started to travel back to the Muslim
  world, to Syria and then to Egypt
• (1954 - 1958) Studied at Al-Azhar
• (1958 1960) Visiting Professor of Islamic
  Studies at McGill University
• (1960 1963) Professor of Islamic Studies at
  Karachis Central Institute of Islamic Research

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Life (Ctd)

• (1963 1964) Professor at University of
  Chicago
• (1964 1968) Professor at University of
  Syracuse
• (1968 1986) Professor at Temple University
• Founded International Institute of Islamic
  Thought (IIIT)
• Founded The Association of Muslim Social
  Scientists (AMSS)

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• Books
• (1953) From Here We Start, tr. from the Arabic of
  K.M. Khalid. Washington, DC American Council of
  Learned Societies
• (1953) Our Beginning in Wisdom, tr. from the
  Arabic of M. al Ghazali. Washington, DC American
  Council of Learned Societies
• (1953) The Policy of Tomorrow, tr. from the
  Arabic of M. B. Ghali. Washington, DC American
  Council of Learned Societies
• (1962) Urubah and Religion An Analysis of the
  Dominant Ideas of Arabism and of Islam as Its
  Heights Moment of Consciousness, vol. 1 of On
  Arabism, Amsterdam Djambatan

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• (1964) Usul al Sahyuniyah fi al Din al Yahudi (An
  Analytical Study of the Growth of Particularism
  in Hebrew Scripture). Cairo Institute of Higher
  Arabic Studies
• (1968) Christian Ethics A Systematic and
  Historical Analysis of Its Dominant Ideas.
  Montreal McGill University Press and Amsterdam
  Djambatan, Amsterdam
• (1980) Islam and the Problem of Israel. London
  The Islamic Council of Europe.
• (1982) Trialogue of the Abrahamic Faiths, ed.
  Herndon, VA IIIT
• (1982) Islamization of Knowledge. Herndon, VA
  IIIT
• (1982) Tawhid Its Implications For Thought And
  Life. Kuala Lumpur IIIT
• (1985) Islam. Beltsville, MD Amana Publications
• (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. New York
  Macmillan

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Islamization

• The process of making things conform to Islamic
  teachings and perspectives

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Islamization Some Issues

• Is Islamization a new concept?
• What is Islamization?
• Who needs to do Islamization
• Why do you need Islamization?
• How do we do Islamization?

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Islamization of Knowledge
Aspects Al-Faruqi
Problems Identified Educational Dualism Loss of Islamic Vision Crisis of Ummatic identity
Root Causes Secularism Nationalism
Reform Focus Thought and Social Life
Premise Knowledge is Value-Bound
Philosophical Framework Tawhid
Goal Islamized Textbook
Social Manifestation Ummatic Order
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Islamisasi Ilmu

• Objektif Perancangan Kerja 
• Penguasaan disiplin ilmu moden
• Penguasaan warisan ilmu Islam
• Penentuan penyesuaian Islam dengan setiap bidang
  pengetahuan ilmu moden
• Pencarian sintesis kreatif antara 2
• Pengarahan ke jalan Allah SWT

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IOK Langkah-Langkah

• Penguasaan dan Kemahiran Displin Ilmu Pengetahuan
• Tujuan Disiplin ilmu
• Penguasaan Warisan Ilmu Islam Antologi
• Penguasaan Warisan Ilmu Islam Analisis

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IOK Langkah-Langkah

• 5) Penentuan Penyesuaian Islam yang khusus
  terhadap disiplin-disiplin ilmu
• Penilaian Kritikal terhadap Disiplin Ilmu Moden
• Penilaian Kritikal Terhadap Warisan Islam
• Kajian Masalah Utama Umat Islam

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IOK Langkah-Langkah

• Kajian tentang masalah umat manusia
• Analisis Kreatif dan Sintesis
• Membentuk semula Disiplin Ilmu Moden ke dalam
  rangka kerja Islam Buku Teks Universiti
• Pengagihan Ilmu yang telah diIslamkan

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Secularism

• Term has dual connotation time and location
  now and this world
• Worldly life in Islam is governed by divine laws
• Legitimacy of any social or political
  organization depends on obedience to divine laws
• Secularization is un-Islamic

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A Gentle Reminder

• This advice is for those who are upon the course
  of study, generally regarded as Islamic Studies
  a label of convenience in the Dualistic
  system of education the effect of secularism.
  Sadly
• ... many Muslims may have learnt Islam as a
  subject, but not subjecting themselves to Islam.

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Resources

1. Ismail al-Faruqi translated by Mustafa Kasim.
   (1991). Islamisasi Ilmu. Kuala Lumpur Dewan
   Bahasa dan Pustaka.
2. Muhammad Shafiq translated by Suhadi. (2000).
   Mendidik Generasi Baru Muslim . Yogyakarta
   Pustaka Pelajar.
3. Muhammad Khalid Masud. (2005). The Construction
   and Deconstruction of Secularism as an Ideology
   in Contemporary Muslim Thought. AJSS 333.
4. Soage, A.B. (2008). Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi
   Portrait of a Leading Islamic Cleric. Middle
   East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 12 (1).

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Takeaways?
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)