Unit 6: Asia

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Unit 6 Asia

• SS7H3a
• Describe how nationalism led to independence in
  India and Vietnam.

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SS7H3

• The student will analyze continuity and
  change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to
  the 21st century.

Agenda Independence in Vietnam
Essential Question Describe how nationalism led
to independence in India and Vietnam.
Warm Up 1. What is the relative location of
Vietnam? 2. Who are its closest
neighbors? 3..Define nationalism (CRCT Prep p.
187).
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Independence for Indochina (Vietnam)

• Vietnam was another Southeastern Asian country
  controlled by a European country.
• Indochina is made up of Laos, Cambodia and
  Vietnam.
• The French controlled the colony known as
  Indochina I n the early 1900s
• Later this area became known as the modern
  country of Vietnam.
• During European rule this area was known as
  French Indochina.

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• The French wanted Indochina because
• seaports
• rich source of agricultural products
• natural resources
• provided labor that they needed.

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Nationalism

• Nationalism was a factor in the area known as
  French Indochina because
• The people who lived there had worked hard to
  maintain independence from China.
• They saw themselves as a separate people among
  the many groups on Southeast Asia.
• The nationalist energy was directed at the French
  colonial rulers. They felt that the French owed
  them.

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• The French government didnt feel that Indochina
  was ready for self-rule, but they did give them
  some very limited control.
• The French also felt that if they left their
  colonies, then another imperialist nation would
  simply move in and claim control.

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Ho Chi Minh

• A young man, Ho Chin, began working for
  Vietnamese independence from the French.
• He thought the Communist Party might be the best
  route to take because the communists were
  outspoken critics of European colonialism.
• In the 1930s, he organized an Indochinese
  Communist Party that began to stage protests
  against French rule.
• His efforts landed his followers in jail and he
  fled the country to avoid a death penalty.

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Independence for Indochina

• During WWII, the Japanese moved in and controlled
  this region, as well as, much of the rest of
  Southeast Asia.
• Ho Chi Minh hoped this would mean the end of
  French rule, and he helped begin a new group, the
  Vietminh League.
• This groups goal was Vietnamese independence.
• However when the Japanese were defeated at the
  end of WWII, the French regained control of
  French Indochina.

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After WWII

• The quest for independence from France was
  rekindled. The difference was that this time a
  nationalist movement had already begun.
• On September 2, 1945 Ho Chi Minh declared
  Vietnams independence.
• The French did not recognize this independence
  though, and instead went to war with the
  Vietnamese.

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Independence for Indochina

• For the next nine years, Ho Chi Minh and his
  Vietminh League fought with the French colonial
  forces.
• Guerilla Warfare nontraditional military tactics
  by small groups involving surprise attack
• The Communist guerillas under the leadership of
  Ho Chi Minh finally defeated the French at Dien
  Bien Phu on May 7, 1954.

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• HO CHI MINH

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Independence for Indochina

• The Vietnamese had fought the French for
  independence. However after their independence
  was won, a civil war then broke out between
  northern and southern Vietnam over what type of
  government would rule the country
• Communism or Democracy?

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Geneva Conference

• At the Geneva Conference in 1954 to end French
  colonial rule, the United States became alarmed
  at the prospect (idea) of Ho Chi Minh ruling
  Vietnam.
• He was a communist, rather than a national leader
  and the United States feared that a communist
  Vietnam would lead other countries becoming
  communist as well. This concern is called the
  Domino Theory. This is the idea that when one or
  a few countries fall to communism, like
  dominoes in a row, the rest in the area would
  fall also.

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A Land Divided

• The United States used its influence to
  temporarily divide Vietnam into two parts. Ho
  Chi Minh was in charge of the north and the
  United States was in charge of the south.
• The idea was to stabilize the country, and then
  let the people vote on what sort of government
  they wanted.
• The United States hoped they could find someone
  to support as a democratic alternative to Ho Chi
  Minh so the country could be reunited as a
  democracy rather than a communist state.
• This conference began the United States long
  involvement in the politics of Vietnam.

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Ticket Out the Door

1. Did the United States have a right to become
   involved in the politics in Vietnam?
2. Support your opinion with 3 reasons.