Psych. DMA

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Psych. DMA

• Define maturation
• As men advance through middle adulthood, they
  experience a gradual decline in.
• Dont forget to write down the question and leave
  
• room for your answer.

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Todays Agenda

• DMA
• Reminders
• Piaget
• Issues
• Child Dev.
• Harlow
• Ainsworth
• Freud
• Homework
• Chap. 4 Test Dec. 1st
• Chap. 4 Notes Dec.1st
• FRQs 3 due Wednesday
• Self-Experiment due Monday, Nov. 28th
• Summative Test Dec. 6th
• Chap. 4 Review Session Nov. 29th, 215-245,
  Wheelers room

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Please bring your chapter notes on Wednesday

• You may have time to work on them ?

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Problems with Piaget
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Big thought

• Development is NOT learning.

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Issues with Piaget's study

• Piaget studied his own kids. (Not really an issue
  - his findings were applicable and are still
  used.)
• Separate stages - distinct stages may not be
  accurate.
• Ages in stages may also be off.

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However, Piaget is still the basis of experiments.

• Shinskey Munakata (2003) found infants had
  advantage searching in the dark vs. searching
  under a thing in the light.

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• One explanation - the appearance of the coverlet
  interferes with baby's new, tenuous ability of
  representing an object mentally.
• Another explanation is evolutionary. Searching
  for things in the dark is more evolutionarily
  advantageous than for things hidden in the light.

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• Scher, Amir Tirsh (2000) findings indicate that
  babies with more advanced grasp of object
  permanence experienced significantly fewer sleep
  disturbances than those with lower levels of
  object concept.
• (In other words - you sleep better when you know
  where your stuff is.)

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Social Development

• Stranger Anxiety
• fear of strangers that infants commonly display
• beginning by about 8 months of age
• Attachment
• an emotional tie with another person
• shown in young children by their seeking
  closeness to the caregiver and displaying
  distress on separation

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Social Development

• Harlows Surrogate Mother Experiments
• Monkeys preferred contact with the comfortable
  cloth mother, even while feeding from the
  nourishing wire mother
• Introduction
• Scaring the monkey

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Social Development

• Critical Period
• an optimal period shortly after birth when an
  organisms exposure to certain stimuli or
  experiences produces proper development
• Imprinting
• the process by which certain animals form
  attachments during a critical period very early
  in life

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Social Development

• Monkeys raised by artificial mothers were
  terror-stricken when placed in strange situations
  without their surrogate mothers.

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Mary Ainsworth

• Researched what infants would do when placed in
  new situations (without parents)

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Mary Ainsworth

• Findings
• Secure attachment
• Infant was confident to explore the environment
  (when parent was present)
• Became distressed when parents left.
• 66
• Avoidant attachment
• Resist being held by parents will explore
  environment.
• Do not go to parents for comfort when they return
• 21

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Mary Ainsworth

• Findings
• Anxious/ambivalent attachment
• Ambivalent reaction to parents
• May show extreme stress (when parents leave)
• Resist being comforted by parents
• 12

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Freud's Stages of Development
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Definition of the Unconscious

• According to Freud
• A reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts,
  wishes, and feelings.

• According to Contemporary Psychology
• Information processing of which we are unaware.

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Freud's concept of personality says

• Human personality (including emotions and
  strivings) arises from a conflict between our
  aggressive, pleasure-seeking biological impulses
  and the internalized social restraints against
  them.
• Personality is the result of our efforts to
  resolve the conflict.

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This conflict centers on 3 systems
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Id

• Urge to satisfy basic drives
• Survival
• Reproduction
• Aggression
• Major factor of the Id is the Pleasure Principle
  - if the id is not restrained by reality, it
  seeks immediate gratification.

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Superego

• Moral imperatives of what is right.
• Voice of conscious forces the ego to think about
  how things OUGHT TO BE.
• Basically the Superego is fighting the Id and
  therefore the Ego must balance.

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Ego

• Seeks to gratify the Id's impulses in realistic
  ways.
• (Sometimes this is referred to as the Reality
  Principle.)
• Contains partly conscious perceptions, thoughts,
  judgments, and memories.

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Ok, Wheeler, what the heck does this have to do
with kids?
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Freud's Psychosexual stages of Development

• Basically, Freud separated out development via
  the Id's focuses.
• When the Id's pleasure seeking energies focus on
  the distinct pleasure sensitive area of the body
  (i.e. erogenous zones) a different developmental
  stage is reached.

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Stage Focus
Oral (0-18 months) Pleasure centers on mouth sucking, biting, etc
Anal (18-36 months) Bowel and bladder elimination coping with demands for control.
Phallic (3-6 years) Genitals. Coping with incestuous feelings and gender identity.
Latency (6 years - puberty) Dormant sexual feelings
Genital (Puberty on) Maturation of sexual interests
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Reading Assignment

• Please read page 577.
• Begin at Personality Structure.
• Read through page 579 and stop at Defense
  Mechanisms.