Cotton, Slavery, and the Old South

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• Cotton, Slavery, and the Old South

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• MAIN THEMES
• What was conditional anti-slavery.
• How did slavery survive the end of the slave
  trade?
• How the staple crop economy helped the South
  develop a unique culture.
• The characteristic differences between the South
  and the North.
• The nature of the "peculiar institution" of
  slavery, and the effect it had on both whites and
  blacks.

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SERVILE INSURRECTION   1791 - 1804 HAITIAN
REVOLUTION   1799 -1800 GABRIEL POSSERS
REVOLT (VIRGINIA)   1821 DENMARK VESEYS
REVOLT (CHARLESTON)   1831 NAT TURNERS
REBELLION   1859 - HARPER'S FERRY INSURRECTION
  1861-1865 - SECOND AMERICAN REVOLUTION
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• The Cotton Economy
• The Rise of King Cotton 
• Southern Trade and Industry 
• Upper South
• Primitive Banking
• Lack of Transportation
• Sources of Southern Difference
• Agriculture Vs. Industry
• Codes of honor and dueling
•  Their special way of life (slavery)

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Southern White Society

•  The Planter Class
• Small portion of population
• Dominant portion of population
• Image conscious 
• The Plain Folk
• Yeoman Farmer
• Illiteracy
• Lack of slave labor  

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Southern White Society

• Southern Honor
• Social Status vs. Individual Virtue
• Place of violence in Southern society (slavery)
• Duels for equals and lynching for inferiors.

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• The Peculiar Institution
• Slavery in the Cities
• Lack of European Immigrants in South
• Skilled Slaves
• Female Dominance  
• Free Blacks
• Manumission Laws
• Poverty 

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Debating the Past Extra THE ORIGIN OF SLAVERY

• 1918 Ulrich B. Philips, American Negro Slavery
• 1959 Stanley Elkins, Slavery, A Problem in
  American Institutional and Intellectual Life
• 1976 Herbert Gutman, The Black Family in Slavery
  and Freedom
• 1975 Eugene Genovese, Roll Jordon Roll
• 1984 Robert Fogel and Stanely Engerman, Time on
  the Cross

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Debating the Past THE CHARACTER OF SLAVERY

• 1966 David B. Davis, The Problem of Slavery in
  Western Culture
• 1968 Winthrop D. Jordan,
• White Over Black American Attitudes Toward the
  Negro, 1550-1812

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MAJOR ABOLITIONISTS DAVID WALKER (1796
1830) WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON (1805-1879) ARTHUR
AND LEWIS TAPPEN FREDERICK DOUGLASS
(1818-1895) HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
(1811-1896) JOHN BROWN (1800-1859)
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DAVID WALKERS APPEAL

• MORAL HYPOCRICY AND THE AMERICAN CHARACTURE
• CLASSICAL EDUCATION
• ANTI-PASSIVIST / GARRISONIAN (GOD OF ARMIES)
• ANTI-CATHOLIC (P.21)

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• DAVID WALKERS APPEAL (Cont)
• Article I
• Wretchedness in consequence of slavery
• Slaveholders worse than Egyptians and Moslems
• Jeffersonian critique of Jefferson
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  Article II
• Wretchedness in consequence of ignorance
• Education is emancipation
• African American critique of African Americans
  Resignation, servility, and slavery
• No neutrality for African Americans
• Example of Hayti

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• DAVID WALKERS APPEAL (Cont)
• Article III
• Wretchedness in consequence of Christians
• Christian critique of Christianity
• Absurdity of missionaries
• Anti-slavery cannot compared to other reforms
• Bartholomew Las Casas
• Article IV
• Wretchedness in consequence of colonialism
• Native land
• Henry Clay
• Richard Allen

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WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON (1805-1879)
"I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with
moderation. . . . I am in earnest -- I will not
equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not
retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE
HEARD. First issue of the Liberator (1831)
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Arthur Tappan (1786-1865
Lewis Tappan (1828-1873)
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FREDERICK DOUGLASS (1818-1895)
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HARRIET BEECHER STOWE (1811-1896)
Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)
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JOHN BROWN (1800-1859)
Here before God, in the presence of these
witnesses, I consecrate my life to the
destruction of slavery. 1837, Memorial
Service for Elijah Lovejoy
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APOLOGISTS OF SLAVERY 1. SCIENTIFIC DEFENSE
Zephaniah Kingsley (1765-1843) 2. RELIGIOUS
DEFENSE Rev. Dr. Richard Furman
(1755-1825) CURSE OF HAM 3. SOCIAL DEFENSE
George Fitzhugh (1806-81) Edmund Ruffin
(1794-1865) 4. POLITICAL DEFENSE James Henry
Hammond (18071864) John C. Calhoun (1782-1850)
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Zephaniah Kingsley (1765-1843)
A Treatise on the Patriarchal, or
Cooperative System of Society, 1828
Kingsley Plantation
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Rev. Dr. Richard Furman (1755-1825).
EXPOSITION of The Views of the Baptists,
RELATIVE TO THE COLOURED POPULATION in the
United States IN A COMMUNICATION To the
Governor of South-Carolina
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CURSE OF HAM Genesis 918-25
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Fitzhugh, George, 1806-1881 Sociology
for the South (1854) Cannibals All! (1857)
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Edmund Ruffin, 1794-1865
Agricultural, Geological, and Descriptive
Sketches of Lower North Carolina, and the Similar
Adjacent Lands (1861).
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James Henry Hammond (18071864)
The 'Mudsill' Theory (1858)
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John C. Calhouns Concurrent Majority
1832 Nullification Controversy 1836 /
1840 / 1844 Gag Rule / Hammond / Adams 1863
Disquisition on Governments