MENG 344 Work Analysis and Design

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MENG 344 Work Analysis and Design
Key Contributors

• Lotfi K. Gaafar

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Frederick Taylor
Under Taylor's management system, factories are
managed through scientific methods rather than by
use of the empirical "rule of thumb" so widely
prevalent in the days of the late nineteenth
century when F. W. Taylor devised his system and
published "Scientific Management" in 1911.
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Frederick Taylor
Taylor's core values the rule of reason,
improved quality, lower costs, higher wages,
higher output, labor-management cooperation,
experimentation, clear tasks and goals, feedback,
training, mutual help and support, stress
reduction, and the careful selection and
development of people. He was the first to
present a systematic study of interactions among
job requirements, tools, methods, and human
skill, to fit people to jobs both psychologically
and physically, and to let data and facts do the
talking rather than prejudice, opinions, or
egomania.
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Frederick Taylor

• Father of scientific management
• Principles
• Develop a science for each element of work
• Select the best worker for each task
• Train the worker in the prescribed method
• Develop a spirit of cooperation between
  management and labor
• Divide the work between management and labor into
  equal shares, each doing what they do best

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Taylors Contributions

• Specified the work method
• Instructed the operator in that method
• Maintained standard conditions for performing
  work
• Set time standard goals
• Paid premiums for doing work as specified

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Taylors Shoveling Experiment
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Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

• brought an engineers and psychologists skills
  to study the economy of movements
• led to motion study
• work simplification through elimination of
  useless motions and waste
• use of flow diagrams, process charts,
• basic components of the motion pattern, or
  therbligs

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Frank Gilbreth

• Born in 1871 in Fairfeild, Maine.
• Ambition to be a Construction Engineer.
• First job as a bricklayer.
• Introduced improvements in brick laying.
• Promoted to Foreman then superintendent.
• Became involved in the contracting business.

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Frank Gilbreth

• Started contracting business in 1895.
• 1911, started a firm of Consulting Industrial
  Engineers.
• Gained international fame as a consultant.
• Had 12 children with Lillian Gilbreth.

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Frank Gilbreth

• Developed time and motion study as an approach
  to scientific management.
• Motion study finding the best method to perform
  a task.
• Time study establish work standards for a job.
• Used Cine camera in analysis.
• Constructed 3 dimensional models of motion

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Frank Gilbreth

• Devised several systems of analyzing work.
• Flow Process Chart breaking work into basic
  elements of operations, inspections,
  transportations, storages and delays.

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Frank Gilbreth

• Developed therbligs e.g Grasp-begins when hand
  or body member touches an object, consists of
  gaining control of an object, ends when control
  is gained.
• Therbligs held the stage for many years in work
  analysis.

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Frank Gilbreth

• The Principle of Motion Economy
• Lead to minimum effort and fatigue and maximum
  achievement.
• Identified Two factors affecting job execution
  1) Worker 2) Enviroment
  

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Frank GilbrethContribution

• Workers were trained and placed in suitable areas
  of work.
• Performance of the workers were monitored.
• Workers were restated if the were of low
  performance.
• Believed in the value of questions and the need
  to ask questions.

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Frank Gilbreth

• Scientific management was a philosophy of life
  achieved by cooperation of engineers, educators,
  physiologists, psychologists, psychiatrists,
  economists, sociologists, staticians and
  managers.
• Died in 1924.

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Biography Lillian Moller Gilbreth
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Early Days and Education

• Date of Birth 24th of May 1878
• Place of Birth Oakland, California
• First Degree BS degree in Literature (1900),
• University of California (Berkeley)
• MS Degree Literature (1902)
• Doctorate Literature (got married)

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Family Life and Career

• Ph.D. Psychology (4 children)
• Second degree Engineering
• (husband's encouragement)
• Partnership with her husband Frank
• Difference in their natures and its effect on
  business
• Frank technical aspects of time management
• Lillian human aspects of working efficiency

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Partnership with Lillians Husband

• Partnership lasted 20 years
• Shared work and ideas
• A sum up of their idea found in 2 books
• Applied Motion Study
• Fatigue Study

Frank Bunker Gilbreth
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Radical Changes in Lillians Life

• Husbands early death (1924)
• Struggle with business career in convincing
• the companies of her ideas of efficiency
• New techniques to perform household tasks
• (efficient kitchens)

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Lillians Work

• Applying efficiency techniques for
• handicapped to facilitate their lives
• Directing doctors in treating patients
• Wrote on homemaking and parenting
• Living with Children
• Homemaker and her Job
• Foreman and Power Management in the Home

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Lillians Late Achievements

• Education at the age of 50
• MS in Engineering
• Doctorate in Engineering
• Served in the New Jersey State Board of Regents
• Delegate to the World Power Congress
• Professor at Purdue
• Advisor for American Presidents
• Retired at the age of 90
• Passing away at the age of 92

Lillian Gilbreth
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Henry Ford
1896 Ford
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Childhood

• Born in July 30, 1863
• He lived in a prosperous family
• Lived his childhood in a farm
• At the age of 16 he left home to work

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Building a career

• First job as an apprentice machinist (1879).
• Returned to Greenfield Township and marries Clara
  Bryant (1888).
• Worked in different factories in Detroit.
• Worked as an engineer for Edison Illuminating
  Company(1891).

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Building a career

• He completed his first automobile the
  Quadricycle.
• Worked as chief engineer
• and partner in Detroit
• Automobile(1899).
• Establishment of Ford Motor Company(1903).

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Building a career

• Introducing the Model T(1908).
• Mass production
• The moving
• assembly line(1913).
• Giving eight
• hour work.
• Edsel Ford was named the president of the
  company(1919).
• Henry Ford Passed away(1947).