N

1
Dietary fibre
crude fibre NSP dietary fibre NDF ADF ADL
cellulose cellulose cellulose cellulose cellulose
hemicel-lulose hemicel-lulose hemicel-lulose hemicel-lulose
lignin lignin lignin lignin lignin
pektin pektin
ß-glucan ß-glucan
arabinoxylan arabinoxylan

not the total content
2
Cellulose

• cell wall structure (10-15 thousand glucose
  units)
• does not soluble in water
• higher animals and humans cant digest
• bacteria in the rumen and large intestine produce
  cellulase enzyme

3
The structure of starch and cellulose
starch
cellulose
4
Hemicelluloses

• closely associated with cellulose
• can bind water
• not homogenous structure (glucose, galactose,
  mannose, xylose, arabinose polymers)
• can metabolise only bacteria

5
Pectic subtances

• the first compound of primary cell walls
• the linear chain of galacturonic acid
• good water absorbing capacity
• soluble in hot water, but animals can not digest
• contains considerable gelling properties (jam
  making)

6
Lignin

• is not a well defined compound
• alcohol polymer
• high résistance to chemical degradation
• binding to cell wall polysaccharides, mostly
  cellulose
• wood products and straw are rich
• do not solve in water
• from nutritional point of view has a negative
  effect

7
Other fibre compounds

• ?-glucan, arabinoxylan (wheat, barley, rye,
  oats)
• anti-nutritive effect
• increasing the viscosity of the digesta
• decrease the digestibility of nutrients
• sticky droppings, Salmonella contamination of
  eggs
• chitin
• a linear polymer of glucose amine, containing
  insects, fungi, and green algae
• exudate gums
• produces from wounds of plants, contains
  arabinose, galactose, glucuronic acid

8
(No Transcript)
9
The effect of fibre in the nutrition of ruminants

• chewing, rumination, producing saliva, rumen
  contraction
• structural fibre (min. 75 of crude fibre)
• only microbes in the digestive tract produce
  digestive enzymes (cellulase, hemicellulase etc.)
• energy source, precursor of volatile fatty acids
• has an influence on the time of rumen
  fermentation, the transport time of chyme in the
  intestine

10
Rumen degradation of dietary carbohydrates

• hemicellulose CH3
• cellulose CO
• pectin COOH acetate
• starch pyruvate propionate
• sucrose butyrate
• lactose

11
The effect of fibre in the nutrition of
monogastric animals

• bacterial degradation only in the caecum and
  large intestine (horse, rabbits)
• peristaltic movement of the intestine
• horse gt rabbit gt pig gt poultry
• 12-20 10-14 3-8 3-6
• young animals need less
• high fibre decrease the digestibility of the
  other nutrients
• increase endogenous losses
• chyme transport time decrease
• high fibre means less concentrated food
• satiety feeling

12
Symptoms of fibre deficiency

• rumen function disturbances
• constipation
• anorexy
• oesophageal and stomach ulcers

13
Crude fibre content of some feedstuffs ()
alfalfa 6,9
corn silage 12,9
hay (good quality) 25,8
barley straw 35,6
barley 4,9
wheat 2,6
corn grain 2,6
full fat soybean 6,9
extracted soybean meal 13,5
sugar beet 1,2
potato 0,7
pumpkin 0,8
14
Fibre requirement of different animal species ()
young pigs (10-20 kg) 2,5
older pigs (70-110 kg) 3,5
broiler chick (0-3 hét) 2-3
broiler chick (5-6 hét) 3-4
laying hen 5
horse 12-16
rebbit 11-12
milking cow 17-23
15
Effect of dietary fibre in the human nutrition

• requirement 30-40 g/day
• consumption 15-25 g/day

Consequences of fibre deficiency

• large bowel problems, diseases (constipation,
  diverticuloses, colon or rectal cancer)
• metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes high blood
  lipid parameters)