The Human Machine: Keeping you alive!

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The Human Machine Keeping you alive!
Function
Supply and transport materials, remove wastes
Control itself and sense environment
Support, move and cover itself
Protect and defend against invaders
Reproduce
Systems
Digestive Respiratory Circulatory Excretory
Nervous Endocrine
Skeletal Muscular Skin
Immune/ Lymphatic
Reproductive
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Function 1 Supply and transport materials, and
remove wastes
A. Digestive System supplies materials and
removes solid waste
Some Important Terms/Parts Mechanical
Breakdown breaking food down into smaller pieces
ex. chewing Chemical Breakdown breaking large
food molecules into small molecules by breaking
the bonds, requires enzymes ex. Amylase enzyme
breaks starch into sugars Mouth Chews food,
adds saliva to start chemical breakdown. Stomach
Mixes food with hydrochloric acid, enzyme
pepsin, and mucus. Small Intestine Enzymes
added and food further broken down into simple
sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids Molecules
diffuse into blood. Large Intestine Water is
absorbed into blood solid waste (feces) excreted.
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Function 1 Supply and transport materials, and
remove wastes
B. Respiratory System supplies O2 and removes
CO2 and H2O waste
Inhale O2
Exchange O2 for CO2 with the blood
Exhale CO2
Some Important Terms/Parts Nose air enters
here, gets cleaned by cilia, and is warmed and
moistened Epiglottis A small flap of tissue
that blocks the windpipe during swallowing
Lungs inhale and exhale, exchange gases with
the blood Air Sacs or Alveoli provide a lot of
surface area for gases to diffuse from the lungs
into/out of the nearby blood. (p. 431)
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Function 1 Supply and transport materials, and
remove wastes
C. Circulatory System transport materials to and
wastes from body cells
Important Terms and Parts Heart pumps the
blood to lungs and rest of the body Arteries
muscular blood vessels that always carry blood
away from heart Veins blood vessels that
always carry blood back to heart Capillaries
smallest blood vessels that allow materials to
diffuse between blood and body cells Blood
transports materials around body has 4 main
componentsRed Blood Cells carry O2 and glucose
Plasma carries water and saltsWhite Blood
Cells fight invaders Platelets clot cuts
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Function 1 Supply and transport materials, and
remove wastes
D. Excretory System removes dissolved wastes and
heat from body
Important Terms and Parts Urea waste from
cells, made in breakdown of proteins Urine urea
and excess water Kidneys filter out dissolved
wastes and water from the blood (by
diffusion) Ureters tubes that connect kidneys
to urinary bladder Urinary Bladder collects
urine until it can be excreted Skin gets rid of
excess heat, water, and some urea through sweat