Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

1
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth
Edition

• Chapter 4
• Telecommunications, the Internet, Intranets,
  and Extranets

2
Principles and Learning Objectives

• A telecommunications system has many fundamental
  components that must be carefully selected and
  work together effectively to enable people to
  meet personal and organization objectives
• Identify and describe the fundamental components
  of a telecommunications system including media
  and hardware devices
• Identify several network types and describe the
  uses and limitations of each
• Name three basic processing alternatives for
  organizations that require two or more computer
  systems and discuss their fundamental features

3
Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)

• The Internet and the Web provide a wide range of
  services, some of which are effective and
  practical for use today, others are still
  evolving, and still others will fade away from
  lack of use
• Briefly describe how the Internet works,
  including alternatives for connecting to it and
  the role of Internet service providers
• Describe how the World Wide Web works and the use
  of Web browsers, search engines, and other Web
  tools
• Identify and briefly describe several
  applications associated with the Internet and the
  Web

4
Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)

• Because use of the Internet and World Wide Web is
  becoming universal in the business environment,
  management, service and speed, privacy, and
  security issues must continually be addressed and
  resolved
• Outline a process and identify tools used to
  create Web content
• Define the terms intranet and extranet and
  discuss how organizations are using them
• Identify several issues associated with the use
  of networks

5
An Overview of Telecommunications

• Telecommunications
• The electronic transmission of signals for
  communications
• Telecommunications medium
• Any material substance that carries an electronic
  signal to support communications between a
  sending and receiving device

6
An Overview of Telecommunications (continued)
7
Channel Bandwidth

• The rate at which data is exchanged
• Broadband communications
• A telecommunications system that can exchange
  data very quickly

8
Communications Media

• Guided transmission media types
• Many utilities, cities, and organizations are
  experimenting with broadband over power lines
  (BPL)
• Wireless technologies
• Broadcast of communications in one of three
  frequency ranges microwave, radio, and infrared
• Near Field Communication (NFC)
• Bluetooth
• Ultra wideband (UWB)
• Wi-Fi

9
Communications Media (continued)
10
Communications Media (continued)
11
Telecommunications Hardware

• Devices include
• Modems, multiplexers, PBXs and front-end
  processors that enable electronic communications
  to occur or occur more efficiently
• Switches, bridges, routers and gateways
• Devices for sending packets of data through one
  or more networks

12
Telecommunications Hardware (continued)
13
Services

• Digital subscriber line (DSL)
• Telecommunications service that delivers
  high-speed Internet access to homes and small
  businesses over the existing phone lines
• Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) line
• Does not require an additional phone line and yet
  provides always-on Internet access
• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
• Enables voice conversations to be converted into
  packets of data that can be sent over a data
  network

14
Services (continued)
15
Services (continued)
16
Services (continued)
17
Networks and Distributed Processing

• Computer network
• Communications media, devices, and software
  needed to connect two or more computer systems
  and/or devices
• Network nodes
• Computers and devices on the networks

18
Network Types

• Personal area network (PAN)
• Wireless network that connects information
  technology devices within a range of 33 feet or
  so
• Local area network (LAN)
• Connects computer systems and devices within a
  small area, such as an office
• Metropolitan area network (MAN)
• Connects users and their computers in a
  geographical area
• Wide area network (WAN)
• Connects large geographic regions

19
Network Types (continued)
20
Distributed Processing

• Centralized processing
• All processing occurs in a single location or
  facility
• Decentralized processing
• Processing devices are placed at various remote
  locations
• Distributed processing
• Computers are placed at remote locations but
  connected to each other via a network

21
Client/Server Systems

• Multiple computer platforms are dedicated to
  special functions, such as
• Database management, printing, communications,
  and program execution

22
Communications Protocols

• Set of rules that govern the exchange of
  information over a communications channel
• Protocols
• Govern several levels of a telecommunications
  network

23
Communications Software

• Network operating system (NOS)
• Systems software that controls the computer
  systems and devices on a network and allows them
  to communicate with each other
• Network management software
• Simplifies the process of updating files and
  programs on computers on the network

24
Use and Functioning of the Internet

• Internet
• Collection of interconnected networks, all freely
  exchanging information
• ARPANET
• Ancestor of the Internet
• A project started by the U.S. Department of
  Defense (DoD) in 1969
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• Enables traffic to be routed from one network to
  another as needed

25
How the Internet Works

• Packets
• Carry the addresses of its sender and its
  receiver
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• Widely used transport-layer protocol used in
  combination with IP
• Backbone
• One of the Internets high-speed, long-distance
  communications links
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• Assigned address

26
How the Internet Works (continued)
27
How the Internet Works (continued)

• Accessing the Internet
• Internet access is not distributed evenly
• Connect via LAN server
• Used by businesses that manage a LAN
• Connect via dial-up
• Requires a modem that allows the computer to use
  standard phone lines

28
How the Internet Works (continued)

• Connect via an online service
• High-speed services provide data transfer rates
  between 1 and 7 Mbp
• Connect wirelessly
• Thousands of public Wi-Fi services are available
  in coffee shops, airports, hotels, and elsewhere

29
How the Internet Works (continued)
30
Internet Service Providers

• Any company that provides individuals or
  organizations with access to the Internet
• Most charge a monthly fee
• Many ISPs and online services
• Offer broadband Internet access through digital
  subscriber lines (DSLs), cable, or satellite
  transmission

31
Internet Service Providers (continued)
32
The World Wide Web

• A hyperlink-based system that uses the
  client/server model
• Organizes Internet resources throughout the world
  into a series of linked file
• Tools Web browser, Web portal, Web plug-ins
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Standard page description language for Web pages
• Extensible Markup Language (XML)
• Markup language for Web documents containing
  structured information containing various elements

33
Web 2.0 and the Social Web

• The Web as a computing platform that supports
  software applications and the sharing of
  information between users
• Rich Internet application
• Software that has the functionality and
  complexity of traditional application software,
  but does not require local installation and runs
  in a Web browser

34
Web Programming Languages

• Java
• Object-oriented programming language from Sun
  Microsystems based on C
• Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded
  within an HTML document

35
Developing Web Content

• Products that simplify the creation of a Web page
• .NET platform
• Bubbler
• Homestead QuickSites
• JobSpot
• Mash-up Programs and procedures combining two or
  more Web applications into a new service

36
Web Services

• Standards and tools that streamline and simplify
  communication among Web sites
• XML is key to Web services

37
Internet and Web Applications

• Search engines and Web research
• Search engine
• Enables you to find information on the Web
• Scours the Web with bots that follow all Web
  links in an attempt to catalog every Web page by
  topic
• Important businesses tool used to drive visitors
  to Web sites

38
E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat

• E-mail
• No longer limited to simple text messages
• Instant messaging
• Online, real-time communication between two or
  more people who are connected to the Internet

39
Career Information and Job Searching

• Search engines
• Can be a good starting point for searching for
  specific companies or industries
• Some sites
• Can help you develop a résumé and find a good job

40
Telnet, SSH, and FTP

• Telnet
• Network protocol that enables users to log on to
  networks remotely over the Internet
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Protocol that supports file transfers between a
  host and a remote computer

41
Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting

• Web log (blog)
• Web site that people can create and use to write
  about their observations, experiences, and
  feelings
• Video log (vlog)
• Video content placed on the Internet using the
  same overall approach as a blog
• Podcast
• Audio broadcast over the Internet

42
Chat Rooms

• Facility that enables two or more people to
  engage in interactive conversations over the
  Internet
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
• Requires participants to type their conversation
  rather than speak

43
Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services

• Internet phone service
• Enables you to communicate with others around the
  world
• Internet videoconferencing
• Supports both voice and visual communications

44
Social Networks

• Provide Web-based tools for users to
• Share information about themselves with people on
  the Web
• MySpace and Facebook
• Popular social networking sites
• LinkedIn
• Social network that allows professionals to find
  others who work in the same field

45
Media Sharing

• Provide methods for members to store and share
  digital media files on the Web
• YouTube
• Flickr

46
Content Streaming

• Method for transferring multimedia files, radio
  broadcasts, and other content over the Internet
  so that the data stream plays continuously

47
Shopping on the Web

• Bot (intelligent agent)
• Software tool that searches the Web for
  information, products, or prices
• Can find the best prices or features from
  multiple Web sites

48
Web Auctions

• A way to connect buyers and seller
• Web auction sites
• Place where businesses are growing their markets
  or reaching customers for a low cost per
  transaction

49
Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet

• Hot growth areas on the Internet
• Music, radio, and video
• Radio broadcasts are now available on the
  Internet
• Video and TV are also becoming available on the
  Internet

50
Office on the Web

• Internet office
• Web site that contains files, phone numbers,
  e-mail addresses, an appointment calendar, and
  more
• Allows your desktop computer, phone books,
  appointment schedulers, and other important
  information to be with you wherever you are

51
Other Internet Services and Applications

• Internet services are constantly emerging
• Libraries
• Critical information during times of disaster or
  terrorism
• Critical medical information
• Translation
• Distance learning

52
Intranets and Extranets

• Intranet
• Internal corporate network built using Internet
  and World Wide Web standards and products
• Extranet
• Network that links selected resources of the
  intranet with customers, suppliers, or other
  business partners
• Virtual private network (VPN)
• Secure connection between two points on the
  Internet
• Tunneling
• VPNs transfer information by encapsulating
  traffic in IP packets and sending the packets
  over the Internet

53
Net Issues

• Management issues
• No centralized governing body controls the
  Internet
• Service and speed issues
• Traffic volume on company intranets is growing
  even faster than the Internet
• Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized
  Internet sites
• Unauthorized and unwanted Internet sites are also
  problems some companies face

54
Summary

• Telecommunications
• Electronic transmission of signals for
  communications, including telephone, radio, and
  television
• Telecommunications media
• Guided transmission media and wireless media
• Network types
• Personal area network (PAN)
• Local area network (LAN)
• Metropolitan area network (MAN)
• Wide area network (WAN)

55
Summary (continued)

• The Internet started with ARPANET
• Internet service provider
• Any company that provides access to the Internet
• The Web
• A collection of independently owned computers
  that work together as one
• Web programming languages
• Java, JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, and
  Hypertext Preprocessor

56
Summary (continued)

• Intranet
• Internal corporate network built using Internet
  and World Wide Web standards and products
• Extranet
• Network that links selected resources of the
  intranet of a company with its customers,
  suppliers, or other business partners