Basic Structure of Computer

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Basic Structure of Computer

• Computer Architecture
• Lecture 1

2
Reference Materials

• Computer Organization and Design (third edition)
• David A. Patterson
• John L. Hennessy
• Computer Organization (fifth edition)
• Carl Hamacher
• Zvonko Vranesic
• Safwat Zaky
• Class Lectures

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Syllabus(any one section)

• Computer Structure/Architecture
• Operation of Instruction set Execution
• Pipelining

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Class Tests

• Maximum three class tests
• One will be in very usual way
• One will be sudden (The easiest one, small
  syllabus, no memorizing, but the date is unknown
  to me too!!!)
• If 60 of you(that is, 36) get 80 marks(32) in
  above two class tests, only then 3rd class test
  will be taken, which will be open material and
  the hardest one!!

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Class Schedule

• From this week to 6th Week.
• Total class 18 2 20
• Total lecture lt 16
• 21 3 ANOTHER WEEK!!! (kept in hand
  unfortunately, due to the political and weather
  condition of Bangladesh)
• Class time lt 40 minutes.

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Introduction

• Definition of C.A.
• The Architecture of a computer can be defined as
  the design of the task-performing part of it.
• It also includes the overall fundamental working1
  principle of the internal logical structure2 of a
  computer system.
• So, computer architecture includes
• Instruction set architecture
• Machine architecture

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Introduction

• Objectives of a Computer architect
• To select, design, interconnect and engineer
  hardware components of various levels of computer
  that meet functional performance and
  programmability maintaining cost and
  availability constraint.
• So, the total coordination of abstract levels of
  a processor under changing forces, involving
  design, measurement and evaluation is within the
  objectives of a computer architect.

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Instruction set Architecture

• Instruction set architecture is the attributes of
  a computing system as seen by the assembly
  language programmer or compiler.
• This includes
• Instruction Set (what operations can be
  performed?)
• Instruction Format (how are instructions
  specified?)

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Instruction set Architecture

• Data storage (where is data located?)
• Addressing Modes (how is data accessed?)
• Exceptional Conditions (what happens if something
  goes wrong?)

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Machine Architecture

• Machine organization is the view of the computer
  that is seen by the logic designer.
• This includes
• Capabilities performance characteristics of
  functional units (e.g., registers, ALU, shifters,
  etc.).
• Ways in which these components are interconnected
• How information flows between components

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Machine Architecture

• Logic and means by which such information flow is
  controlled
• Coordination of functional units Typically the
  machine organization is designed to meet a given
  instruction set architecture.
• However, in order to design good instruction
  sets, it is important to understand the how the
  architecture might be implemented.

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Structure Functional Units

• Functional Units
• A computer consists of 3 main functionally
  independent units
• Input/output(I/O) unit
• Memory
• Processor
• The I/O unit and the processor is again
  sub-divided into 2 parts.

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Structure Functional Units

• The 2 parts of I/O unit
• Input
• Output
• The 2 parts of processor
• Arithmetic and Logic unit
• Control unit
• So, there are main 5 functional units of a
  computer.

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Functional Units
Arithmetic
and
Input
logic
Memory
Output
Control
Processor
I/O
Functional units of a computer.
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References

• Class Lecture