Pack 1

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Pack 1
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Exam Buster

• Natural Hazards

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Timing

• The Natural Hazards Exam consists of 8 questions
• You will have a choice of 2. Answer only 1
  question
• You will have pre-release material 2 weeks prior
  to the exam

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Example Questions

• Natural Hazards are caused by the interaction of
  physical and human processes. Discuss
• With reference to EITHER tectonic OR climatic
  hazards, explain why a knowledge of physical
  processes is essential to understand their impact
  on people.

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The Mark Scheme

• A knowledge of how the paper is assessed is
  imperative to achieving success in January. The
  mark scheme is split into five sections.
• D 10 marks
• R 15 marks
• U 15 marks
• C 10 marks
• Q 10 marks
• Total 60 marks

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D is for Defining

• You are expected to introduce the question,
  define the concepts and identify the data to be
  analysed.

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R is for Research

• You should have researched and selected
  appropriate sources of case study evidence
  including facts and figures

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U is for Understanding

• You must demonstrate that you understand the
  concepts in question. You must show an
  appreciation of values and attitudes in the case
  study area(s). You case studies should be
  organised and applied to support your arguments

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C is for Conclusion

• You must demonstrate an ongoing evaluation
  (continuously assessing how valuable each case is
  in support or against the arguments set)

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Q is for Quality of Written Communication

• You must demonstrate the ability to organise your
  work, provide valid arguments and use appropriate
  geographical terminology

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What the exam board say
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The exam board highlights the following as
strengths of good essays

• Effective planning
• Clear concise introduction containing high
  quality accurate sourced definitions and
  understanding and clear framework
• Individual up-to-date case studies
• Wide range of scales to support conclusions
• Focused arguments directed towards the question
• Evaluative writing
• Appreciation of Values and attitudes
• Understanding of the concepts
• Meaningful conclusions, directly related to the
  question
• Ongoing conclusions throughout the course of the
  essay
• Clear and fluent with appropriate paragraphing
  and terminology
• Usage of maps and location knowledge

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Weak Candidates

• Poor case study knowledge
• Limited understanding of the essay question
• Rubric offences e.g. the OR question
• Over simplification
• Limited organisation
• Descriptive
• Over reliance on standard texts
• Inconclusive arguments
• Poor essay writing skills
• Answering more than the set question or the wrong
  strand

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Task 1

• In groups of four prepare an essay plan for the
  following questions on sugar paper
• 3Natural Hazards are caused by the interaction
  of physical and human processes. Discuss
• 4With reference to EITHER tectonic OR climatic
  hazards, explain why a knowledge of physical
  processes is essential to understand their impact
  on people.

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Present and justify your plans
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Pack 2
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Essay 3 Introduction

• Define the term natural hazard
• Define physical and human causes of hazards
• Remember it is only a hazard if it affect people
• Possible link to the Venn Diagram
• Clear selection of case studies
• Justify your choice of case studies

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Research

• You may include a balance between
• Tectonic, Geomorphological and climatic
• Describe the hazard with case studies to support
  as evidence
• Explore the processes and link to human
  involvement
• Providing case studies with a range of human
  interaction would be pukka
• Possible range
• Avalanches and cliff instability
• E/Qs San Francisco, central America, Kobe, India
  (tsunamis)
• Volcanoes Iceland, Italy, Pinatubo, Etna, St
  Helens
• Drought and Fires France, Australia, The Sahel
• Fog and Smog Mexico and LA

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Understanding

• You must demonstrate knowledge that most hazards
  are not entirely natural
• Secondary impacts
• Understanding of each type of hazards and a
  comparison
• Understanding of the level of human interaction
  varies between hazards
• Volcanoes, E/Qs not people
• Floods may be caused by building on flood plains.

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Conclusion

• Ongoing throughout the essay
• Discussion of the interaction and the concept of
  a spectrum of hazards
• You should finish by drawing upon examples to
  show that hazards have varied interaction and
  range from entirely physical to entirely human

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QWC

• Geographical Terms
• Organised
• Clear arguments
• Logical use of material
• Integration of knowledge, process and cases
• Sequenced paragraphs reflected in the
  introduction and conclusion
• Good SPG

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Essay 4 Introduction

• This essay MUST be either tectonic or climatic
  (both will result in a rubric error)
• Introduce natural hazards
• Classify tectonic/climatic
• What are the impacts
• Possible introduction of the Venn diagram
• Identify case studies

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Research

• Knowledge of distribution
• Physical processes
• E.g. plate tectonic theory
• The impacts on people
• Social
• Economic
• Injury
• Infrastructure
• Stress
• Death
• Business
• Housing

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Understanding

• Understanding of magnitude and frequency
• MEDC vs. LEDC
• Social classes
• Age
• Wealth
• High risk vs. Low risk
• Perception
• Alleviation Management, prediction, prevention,
  response

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Conclusion

• Evaluate the word essential
• Evaluate Knowledge vs. Finance, resources and
  technology
• Risk Assessment
• Management

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QWC

• Terminology etc.

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Pack 3
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Task 2

• Look through the following 6 essays in groups
• Use the mark scheme to award marks on the marking
  grid.
• Justify your marks

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The End