First Aid Of Bleeding By Dr. Hanan Said Ali

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First Aid Of BleedingBy Dr. Hanan Said Ali
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Learning Objectives-Define the
bleeding.-Identify types of bleeding .-List
types of external bleeding.-Identify sign of
haemorrhage.-Discus how to control bleeding.
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Learning Objectives-Identify sign of internal
bleeding.-Discus first aid of nose
bleeding.-State first aid of mouth
bleeding.-Recognize first aid of ear
bleeding.-Discus first aid of Bleeding
Varicose Vein.
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Definition Of BleedingIt is leakage of blood out
side the blood vessels.Types of bleeding 1-
Internal Bleeding 2-external bleedingTypes Of
External Bleeding.A Arterial BleedingIt is
from an ARTERY, a major blood vessel which
carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart
throughout the body.
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It is characterized by spurts
with each beat of the heart, is bright red in
colour (although blood darkens when it meets the
air) and is usually severe and hard to control.
ARTERIAL bleeding requires immediate
attention.B-Venous BleedingIt from a VEIN,
which carries blood back to the heart to be
oxygenated It is characterized by a steady
flow and the blood is dark. Venus bleeding is
easier to control than Arterial bleeding.
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C- Capillary Bleeding It is from capillary, it
is the smallest of our body's blood vessels It
is usually slow, oozing in nature and this type
of bleeding usually has a higher risk of
infection than other types of bleeding.D-
MelaenaTiny stool (Black faeces due to presence
of blood ,its causes are chronic duodenal or
gastric ulcer ,oesophageal avarices, carcinoma of
stomach
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E-Hematemesis Vomiting of bloodF-Epistaxis
bleeding from nose.G-Hemoptysis Coughing
of blood, common causes of pulmonary
tuberculosis lung abscess neoplasm.H-Rectal
Bleedin Passage of blood in stool this may
occur in case of cancer colonI- Vaginal
bleeding Passage blood from vagina as in
cancer cervix.
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What is The Haemorrhage? It refers to a large
amount of bleeding in a short time.Signs and
Symptoms of Haemorrhage.-Pale face and lips.
-Cold clammy skin.-Faint and dizzy.-Rapid and
weak pulse(thready).-Respiration are rapid and
shallow.-Air hunger.-Subnormal
temperature.-Restless
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FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING IS INTENDED TO STOP
THE BLEEDING PREVENT INFECTION PREVENT
SHOCK
Precaution Before providing care, put on
protective gloves or use a barrier between you
and the victim, to reduce the chance of disease
transmission while assisting the injured person.
Cleanse your hands thoroughly with soap and water
when finished.  BASIC FIRST AID TREATMENT
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How to control bleeding ?1-Apply DIRECT PRESSURE
on the wound. use a dressing, if available. if a
dressing is not available, use a rag, towel,
piece of clothing or your hand alone.
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IMPORTANTONCE PRESSURE IS APPLIED, KEEP IT IN
PLACE. IF DRESSINGS BECOME SOAKED WITH BLOOD,
APPLY NEW DRESSINGS OVER THE OLD DRESSINGS. THE
LESS A BLEEDING WOUND IS DISTURBED, THE EASIER IT
WILL BE TO STOP THE BLEEDING!
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If bleeding continues, and you do not suspect a
fracture, ELEVATE the wound above the level of
the heart and continue to apply
directpressure
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3-If the bleeding still cannot be controlled, the
next step is to apply PRESSURE AT A PRESSURE
POINT. For wounds of the arms or hands,
pressure points are located on the inside of the
wrist ( radial artery-where a pulse is checked)
or on the inside of the upper arm (brachial
artery). For wounds of the legs, the pressure
point is at the crease in the groin (femoral
artery). Steps 1 and 2 should be continued with
use of the pressure points
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4-The final step to control bleeding is to apply
a PRESSURE BANDAGE over the wound. A bandage,
such as roll gauze, is used to hold a dressing in
place. After the bandage is in place, it is
important to check the pulse to make sure
circulation is not interrupted.
A SLOW PULSE RATE, OR BLUISH FINGERTIPS OR
TOES,SIGNAL A BANDAGE MAY BE IMPEDING
CIRCULATION.
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Signs and symptoms of INTERNAL BLEEDING
are Bruised, swollen, tender or rigid abdomen
Bruises on chest or signs of fractured ribs
Abnormal pulse and difficulty breathing Cool,
moist skinFirst Aid Of Internal Bleeding1-
Lay the victim down with his head low and to one
side to ensure a good blood supply to his brain
prevent aspiration if vomiting occur.
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2-Lossen any constricting clothing around his
neck, chest and waist.3-Reassure him and
explain the necessity for him to relax.4-Check
breathing and pulse rate and level of
responsiveness at 10-minutes intervals.5-Examine
the victim for other injuries and treat as
necessary.
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6- If he becomes unconscious, keep his air way
open and check breathing and complete the
ABC.7-Keep the victim covered and place a
blanket underneath him.8-Keep a record of any
specimen passed or vomited by the victim.
Do not give the victim any thing by mouth
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Nosebleed Occur when tiny blood vessels inside
the nostrils are ruptured ,either by a blow to
the nose, or a result of sneezing and high blood
pressure.First Aid of Nose bleed1- Reassure
the victim.2- Ask the victim to Sit down and
advice her to tilt her head forwards. 3- Ask
the victim to breath from her mouth.4- Pinch the
soft part of the nose.5-Tell the victim to keep
pinching her nose ,and advice her not to speak ,
swallow ,cough.
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6- If bleeding continues, hold the position for
an additional 10 minutes.7- Apply ice bag to
nose and cheeks to constrict the blood vessels in
nose and stop the bleeding.8-If bleeding does
not stop in short time, victim should be
transferred to the hospital.
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Bleeding from the earIt is usually due to
burst(perforated)eardrumCauses 1-Foreign
object pushed in the ear.2-A blow to side of the
head.Symptoms Sharp pain Earache
Deafness Dizziness Watery blood If
skull fracture occur fluid is leaking from
around the brain .
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First Aid Of Ear bleeding1-Help the victim into
a Half sitting position, with his head tilted
to the injured side to allow to drain 2- Put
on gloves if available .Hold a sterile dressing
or a clean pad lightly in place on the ear
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Bleeding from the mouthCuts to the tongue,
lips, or lining of the mouth range from trivial
injuries to more serious wounds.Causes The
cause is usually the victim's own teeth or dental
extraction.First Aid Of Bleeding from the
mouth Ask the victim to sit down, with her
head forwards and tilted slightly to the injured
side to allow blood to drain from the mouth.
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Place gauze pad over the wound . Ask the
victim to squeeze the pad between finger and
thumb and press on the wound for 10 minutes.
If bleeding persists, replace the pad . Tell
victim to let the blood dribble out if
swallowed, it may induce vomiting.
Avoid drinking anything hot for 12 hours
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Bleeding Varicose VeinVeins contain one-way
valves that keep blood flowing towards the heart
.If these valves fail, blood collects behind them
and make the veins swell.First Aid Of Bleeding
Varicose Vein1- Help the victim to lie down on
her back, then raise and support the injured leg
as high as possible.
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2- Apply firm, direct pressure on the areausing
sterile dressing or clean pad, until the blood
loss is under control.3- Remove garments such
as elastic topped stocking because these may
cause bleeding to continue.
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4- Put bandage to exert even pressure, but not
so tightly that the circulation is impaired
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Thank You