First Aid Of Fracture By Dr. Hanan Said Ali

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First Aid Of Fracture ByDr. Hanan Said
Ali
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Learning Objectives Define the fracture.
Enumerate Types of fractures. Identify Signs
symptoms for fracture. Perform First aid of
closed fracture. Perform First aid of open
fracture. Apply first aid of joint
dislocation.
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Learning Objectives Cont.Define sprain and
strain. Demonstrate first aid of sprain and
strain. Perform first aid of Injury to The
Ribcage .Administer First Aid Of The
unconscious With Spinal Injury
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Definition And Types Of Fractures A fracture
consists of a break or crack in the bone.There
are three types of fractures. A- The first is a
"simple fracture." This term refers to a fracture
in which the skin is intact and no wound is
present anywhere near the fractured area.
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B- The second type of fracture is known as a
"compound fracture." This term is used when the
underlying skin has been broken or damaged.
This type of injury may result in the bone
protruding through the victim's skin or as a
result of a direct blow that cuts the skin at the
time of impact. The bone itself may or may not be
visible in the wounded area.
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The Third Type ,is a complicated fracture where
in addition to the fracture an important
internal organ may also be in juried A
complicated fracture may be simple or compound

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signs and symptoms to assist you when you
suspect a person has suffered a fracture
first step in identifying a broken
bone would be to check for deformity by comparing
the injured counterpart on the opposite side of
the victim's body. Second, look for an open
wound, which may indicate an underlying fracture.

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Third, check for pain, which usually
accompanies a fracture. The injured person will
most likely be able to point to the area of
pain. To assist in diagnosing a broken bone,
gently feel along the bone. The victim will most
certainly complain of tenderness or pain at the
exact point of the fracture.
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Fourth, notice if the injured area is
swollen. Swelling in a fractured area happens
rapidly, so look for this significant sign as
well. In some cases a victim of a fracture is
able to move the fractured limb with little or no
pain. In other cases, motion will produce pain
and the victim will refuse to move the injured
limb.
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The best method of first aid to implement for a
person with a suspected fracture is as follows
Though fractures are rarely life
threatening it is recommended to check and
monitor the victims airway, breathing,
circulation and to check for disabilities using
your CPR and First Aid training skills.
Treat the victim for shock if necessary.
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Ask questions to determine how the
accident occurred and the location of the
injury. This information will be valuable to
trained medical personnel upon their
arrival. Examine the injured area for
swelling and/or deformities, lacerations and
puncture wounds.Gently feel along the length
of the bone for tenderness, swelling and
deformities.
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Check the injured extremity for pulse. A pulse
less in arm or leg indicates an emergency
requiring immediate surgical care. If this is the
case, seek emergency medical help immediately.
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Take these actions immediately while waiting
formedical helpStop any bleeding. Apply
pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage, a
clean cloth or a clean piece of clothing.
Immobilize the injured area. Don't try to
realign the bone, but if you've been trained in
how to splint and professional help isn't readily
available, apply a splint to the area.
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Apply ice packs to limit swelling and help
relieve pain until emergency personnel arrive.
Don't apply ice directly to the skin wrap the
ice in a towel, piece of cloth or some other
material. Treat for shock. If the person feels
faint or is breathing is short, rapid breaths,
lay the person down with the head slightly lower
than the trunk and, if possible, elevate the
legs.
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First Aid For Closed Fracture
1-Advise the victim to keep still. support
the in juried part with your hands, or ask a
helper to do this , until it is immobilised.
2-For firmer
support, bandage the injured part to an
unaffected part of the body.
3-Arrange to transport the victim to
hospital as necessary. Treat for shock if
necessary by raising the legs , don't raise
the injured limb if this causes the victim
more pain.
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4-Check the circulation beyond a bandage every 10
minutes . if the circulation is impaired, loosen
the bandage
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First Aid For open Fracture
1- Put on gloves , if available. Loosely
cover the wound with a large, clean, or
sterile dressing. Apply pressure to control
bleeding but do not press on a protruding
bone. 2- Carefully place clean padding over and
around the dressing.3- Secure the dressing
and padding with a bandage .
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4- Immobilise the injured part as for a
closed fracture, and arrange to transport the
victim to hospital. 5- Treat for shock if
necessary Monitor and record vital signs-level
of response , pulse, and breathing. Check the
circulation beyond the bandage every 10
minutes.
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First Aid For Joint Dislocation 1-advise the
victim to keep still . Support the injured part,
in a position of maximum comfort for the victim,
before you immobilise it.2- Immobilise the
injured part with padding , bandage ,and slings.
For firm support , bandage the injured part to an
unaffected part of the body.3-Arange for
transport ,check vital signs and check
circulation.
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Sprains And StrainsSprains It is form of
ligament injury Strains It is
over stretched of muscle and tendons First Aid
For Sprains and Strains .Remember
the acronym RICE in emergency procedure for
sprains and strainsR Rest I
IceC Compression. E
Elevation
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1- Advice the victim to sit or lie down.
Support the injured part in a comfortable
position 2- If injury has just happened, cool
the area by applying an ice pack or cold
compress This reduce swelling , bruising ,
and pain.
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. 3- Apply gentle , even pressure (compression)
to the injured part by surrounding the area with
a thick layer of soft padding , such as cotton
wool or plastic foam , and securing this layer of
padding with a bandage .
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4- Arise (elevate) and support the injured part
to reduce the flow of blood to the injury. This
action will help to minimise bruising in the
area.5- If the pain is sever, or the victim is
unable to use the injured part , take or send the
victim to hospital. Otherwise , advice the victim
to rest and to see her doctor if necessary.
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Injury to The Ribcage
1- For fractured ribs, support the arm on the
injured side in an arm sling and take or send
him to hospital.2- If there is a penetrating
chest wound , lead the victim towards the
affected side, and cover and seal the wound along
three edges.3- Help the victim to settle into
the most comfortable position inclined towards
the injured side.4- Support the arm on that
side in an elevation sling.
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First Aid Of The unconscious With Spinal
Injury1- Kneel behind the victim s head.
Steady and support her head in the neutral
head position, in which the head, neck, and
spine are aligned. 2- If necessary, open the
victims airway using the jaw thrust method
Place your hands on each side of her
face with your fingertips at the angles of
her jaw. Gently lift the jaw to open the airway.
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3- Check the victims breathing ,if she is
breathing, continue to support her head.4- If
you are alone and you need to leave the victim to
call an ambulance, you should turn her into the
recovery position before you leave her.5- If
victim is not breathing, and there are no signs
of circulation, give rescue breaths and chest
compression.6- If you need to turn the victim,
use the log-roll technique. 7- Monitor the
victim continuously
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THANK YOU