Chapter 11 WATER

1
Chapter 11WATER

• Mr. Manskopf
• Notes can also be found at http//www.manskopf.com
  

2
How many bodies of water can you
identify/locate? Is there more or less water on
Earth today then there was 1 billion years ago?
3
Goals for Chapter 11

• Describe where Earths water resources are
  located.
• How is Earths water a limited resource?
• How can we manage our water resources better?
• What are the main causes and impacts of water
  pollution?

4
Next time you take a drink, think about where
that water might have been before.
5
Next time rain drops fall on you, think about
where that water might have been just a few days
ago.
6
Water is a powerful force on Earths surface
7
Water is critical to lifehow long can you
survive without it?
8
It is a precious resource we often take for
granted
9
It is sacred to some The Maya believed natural
wells, such as the Xkeken cenote in Mexico's
Yucatán, led to the underworld.
10
Water Is Unique

• Cant live without
• Takes long time to change temperature
• Stays liquid over large range of temps.
• Expands when freezes
• Great at dissolving things
• Commonly found as solid, liquid and gas

11
Section 1 Water Resources

• GOALS
• Describe the location of water on Earths
  surface.
• How does the water cycle work?
• Explain why freshwater is a limited resource.
• TERMS surface water, river system, watershed,
  groundwater, aquifer, porosity, permeability,
  recharge zone, water cycle

12
Water Cycle
13
Water Cycle

• The continual process by which water moves
  through living and nonliving parts of our world.
• Solar Powered
• Renewable Resource
• Steps followed

14
Make up a story following a water molecule
through the water cycle
15
Where is water found?

• 71 of earth is covered in water
• 97 of that is in oceans
• Most of the remaining 3 fresh, mainly in ice
  caps and glaciers.

16
Why is water a limited resource?
17
Surface Water

• Fresh water on Earths land
• Rivers
• Lakes
• Streams
• Ponds
• Critical for drinking, transportation, waste
  removal, industry, food, farming, recreation

Delaware River Where does all that water come
from???
18

• Watershed an area of land that is drained by a
  single river
• Bathtub analogy
• How can a farmer in NY State Impact drinking
  water in Camden?
• Who should set pollution laws LOCAL, SATE,
  FEDERAL?

19
(No Transcript)
20
Mississippi River Watershed is the largest in
U.S. How does a cattle farmer in Montana
potentially impact a shrimp fisherman in
Louisiana? RIVER SYSTEM
21
Worlds River Systems and Watershed
22
Groundwater
23
Groundwater

• Water beneath Earths surface, located in rocks,
  sediment and soil
• Camdens tap water
• How does it get there?
• How can we use it?

24
Groundwater
What is a recharge zone?
25
Aquifer

• Underground rock formation containing water
• Important source of water

26
(No Transcript)
27
Aquifers
28
Porosity

• How much space (pores) or holes found in rock
• Where water can flow through
• Porous rock can hold lots of water

29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
Permeable vs. Impermeable

• The ability of rock or soil to allow water to
  flow through it
• Sand and gravel are permeable
• Clay and blacktop are impermeable

32
Permeable vs. Impermeable
33
Section 1 REVIEW

• Describe the location of water on Earths
  surface.
• How does the water cycle work?
• Explain why freshwater is a limited resource.
• TERMS surface water, river system, watershed,
  groundwater, aquifer, porosity, permeability,
  recharge zone, water cycle

34
Section 2 Water Use and Management

• GOALS
• Identify how water is used in home, industry and
  agriculture.
• Explain how and why water is treated before
  coming to your home.
• Describe ways to increase water supplies
• Identify ways to conserve water
• TERMS potable, pathogen, dam, reservoir,
  desalinization

35

• Aylito Binayo's feet know the mountain. Even at
  four in the morning she can run down the rocks to
  the river by starlight alone and climb the steep
  mountain back up to her village with 50 pounds of
  water on her back. She has made this journey
  three times a day for nearly all her 25 years. So
  has every other woman in her village of Foro, in
  the Konso district of southwestern Ethiopia.
  Binayo dropped out of school when she was eight
  years old, in part because she had to help her
  mother fetch water from the Toiro River. The
  water is dirty and unsafe to drink every year
  that the ongoing drought continues, the once
  mighty river grows more exhausted. But it is the
  only water Foro has ever had.

36
According to the U.N., 1 billion people do not
have access to clean, reliable fresh water
37
How Much Water Do You Use
Average person in U.S. uses about 80 gallons a day
38
What can you learn from this chart?
39
How Much Water Is Needed

• http//environment.nationalgeographic.com/environm
  ent/freshwater/embedded-water/
• Your water footprint
• http//environment.nationalgeographic.com/environm
  ent/freshwater/water-footprint-calculator/

40
Making Water Safe

• Potable safe to drink
• Most water needs to be treated
• Pathogens organisms that cause diseases
• Bacteria, viruses, worms

41
(No Transcript)
42
Uses of Water

• Industrial Water Use
• 19 of worldwide water use
• Cooling power plants
• To make stuff

43
(No Transcript)
44
Uses of Water

• Agriculture
• 67 of worldwide water use
• Irrigation providing water to plants
• 80 gallons to produce 1 ear of corn
• 1 lb. beef 1,000 gal.
• LOTS OF WATER

45
Irrigation
46
Irrigation
As much as 80 normally evaporates
Drip Irrigation, reduces that number greatly
47
Water Management

• Humans have altered water flow for thousands of
  years
• Engineering
• Dams, canals, pipes, towers bring water to where
  it is needed

48
(No Transcript)
49
California aqueduct brings water hundreds of
miles, across deserts, mountains
50
Dams and Reservoirs

• Reservoir an artificial lake often behind a dam
• Dams
• Flood control
• Recreation
• Supply water
• Generate electricity

51
Pros and Cons of Dams
52
(No Transcript)
53
Desalinization

• Removing salt from salt water
• Has a lot of promise
• Very energy intensive
• Very expensive
• What to do with waste?
• Future?

54
(No Transcript)
55
Water Conservation

• Fastest, easiest way to increase water supplies
  is to use less water
• Agriculture
• Industry
• At home
• What are some ways you can conserve water?

56
(No Transcript)
57
Section 2 Review

• Identify how water is used in home, industry and
  agriculture.
• Explain how and why water is treated before
  coming to your home.
• Describe ways to increase water supplies
• Identify ways to conserve water
• TERMS potable, pathogen, dam, reservoir,
  desalinization

58
(No Transcript)
59
Section 3 Water Pollution

• GOALS
• Compare point-sources and non-point sources of
  water pollution
• Describe the 5 classifications of water pollution
• Explain why it is difficult to clean up
  groundwater
• What does the Clean Water Act do?
• TERMS water pollution, point-source, non-point
  source, wastewater, biomagnification,
  eutrophication

60
Freshwater animals are vanishing faster than
those on land or at sea.
61
What is Water Pollution?

• Water Pollution is the introduction of chemical,
  physical, or biological substances that affects
  organisms that depend upon it
• Many types of water pollution

62
(No Transcript)
63
Point Source

• Pollution coming from one single place
• Leaking tanker
• Pipe from a factory
• Leaking underground storage tank
• Can easily be ID and traced

64
Point Sources are usually easily identified
65
Non-Point Source

• Comes from various sources that are hard to
  identify and may be spread over a large area
• Runoff from farms
• Runoff from cities
• Hard to ID
• Hard t o control
• HUGE PROBLEM

66
How can a farmer in MT affect a shrimp farmer in
Louisiana? NON-Point
67
Point vs Non-Point
68
Types of Water Pollution1) Wastewater

• Water that flows down the drain
• Whats in it?
• Where does it go? (out-of-sight, out-of-mind)
• Is it harmful?

69
Wastewater Treatment
70
(No Transcript)
71
(No Transcript)
72
2) Eutrophication

• Too many nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) in
  the water causes algal blooms and decreased
  oxygen in water
• Causes dead zones in water
• Little or no oxygen

73
Eutrophication
74
3) Thermal Pollution

• Occurs when temperature of water rises rapidly
• Power plants
• Factories cooling equipment
• Causes fish kills
• Decreases oxygen in water

75
(No Transcript)
76
4) Groundwater Pollution

• Pollution that percolates down from land or
  surface water pollution
• Fertilizers, pesticides, leaking underground
  tanks
• Many leaking underground tanks

77
What would make groundwater pollution hard to
clean up?
78
(No Transcript)
79
(No Transcript)
80
5) Ocean Pollution

• Pollutants directly or indirectly put into oceans
• Oil spills
• Runoff
• River pollution
• Cruise Ships
• Development along coasts
• Increasingly a problem

81
(No Transcript)
82
Cleaning Up Water Pollution

• 1969 Cuyahoga River in Cleveland caught fire
• 1972 Congress passes Clean Water Act
• 1970s Environmental Activism/Awareness

83
Cleaning Up Water Pollution

• Clean Water Act of 1972 was to restore and
  maintain the physical, chemical and biological
  integrity of the nations water.
• Fishable and Swim able
• Better, but still many polluted water bodies

84
Section 3 Review

• GOALS
• Compare point-sources and non-point sources of
  water pollution
• Describe the 5 classifications of water pollution
• Explain why it is difficult to clean up
  groundwater
• What does the Clean Water Act do?
• TERMS water pollution, point-source, non-point
  source, wastewater, biomagnification,
  eutrophication

85
Chapter 11 Review

• Describe where Earths water resources are
  located.
• How is Earths water a limited resource?
• How can we manage our water resources better?
• What are the main causes and impacts of water
  pollution?

86
What does the future hold for water on planet
Earth? Climate Change? Melting Glaciers? Human
Population rising? Water Scarcity?