Building the Information Society in Europe

1
e-Science, the Grid andwill they change
research?!

• Prof. Paul Jeffreys
• Director Oxford e-Science Centre
• http//e-science.ox.ac.uk/
• Professorial Fellow, Keble College
• paul.jeffreys_at_oucs.ox.ac.uk

2
Introduction

• There is an activity which-
• Tony Blair (and many other leaders!) has (have)
  enthused about
• The UK Office of Science and Technology has
  invested 0.25b
• The investment of public funds is estimated to be
  at least 2b
• Has resulted in world-leading new research
• Addresses issues in the Lambert Review of
  Business-University Collaboration
• (http//www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/consultations_and_l
  egislation /lambert/consult_lambert_index.cfm)
• and .. if you believe the previous Director
  General of the Research Councils..
• will change the dynamic of the way science is
  undertaken"

3
Talk Outline

• Preliminaries and definitions
• Example
• UK e-Science and the Grid
• International developments
• Overview of e-Science in Oxford
• Future vision for e-Research
• Change way research is done
• Component of Information Society

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• Preliminaries

5
Front page FT, 7th Mar 2000
The Grid, as it is provisionally known, will
work far more quickly and reliably than todays
internet. It should eventually enable computer
users to receive exactly the information they
want from anywhere in the world within seconds
and without having to go through a tortuous
search process.
6
Blairs speech on British Science

• http//politics.guardian.co.uk/speeches/story/0,11
  126,721029,00.html
• It's significant that the UK is the first
  country to develop a national e-Science grid,
  which intends to make access to computing power,
  scientific data repositories and experimental
  facilities as easy as the web makes access to
  information. One of the pilot e-science projects
  is to develop a digital mammographic archive,
  together with an intelligent medical decision
  support system for breast cancer diagnosis and
  treatment. An individual hospital will not have
  supercomputing facilities, but through the grid
  it could buy the time it needs.
• PM Tony Blair, July 2002

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What is the Grid?

• a software infrastructure that enables
  flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing
  among dynamic collections of individuals,
  institutions and resources
• The Grid, eds. Foster Kesselman
• an emergent infrastructure capable of delivering
  dependable, pervasive and uniform access to a set
  of globally distributed, dynamic and
  heterogeneous resources. It brings challenges of
  scalability, interoperability, fault tolerance,
  resource management and security
• Tony Hey

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e-Science

• John Taylor, previous Director General of the
  Research Councils, OST
• is about research increasingly done through
  distributed global collaborations enabled by the
  Internet (e.g. human genome program, LHC/CERN)
• uses very large data collections, terascale
  computing resources, high performance
  visualisation
• and col-laboratories support for trusting teams
• e-Science will change the dynamics of how
  research is done

9
A Definition of e-Research

• e-Research is about global collaboration in
  key research areas, and the next generation of
  infrastructure that will enable it.
  

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Behind the Wall, In Front of the Wall,
Through the Wall

• Behind the wall
  In front of the wall
• Information
  Users
• Utility -
  people
• - resources
  - devices
• - compute
• - data
• - comms

Through the Wall Col-laboration interaction
between people
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Behind The Wall today - many bits of walls,
ad hoc Client-Server
Scientist
12
Behind The Wall next generation
-Information Utilities and col-laboratories
MIDLEWARE
Scientist
GRID
Scientist
Scientist
13

• An example to catch the imagination

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(No Transcript)
15
Breast cancer facts

• 10 of Western women develop breast cancer
• 19 cancer deaths, 24 cancer cases
• 500,000 cases annually in EC and USA
• early diagnosis massively improves prognosis
• screening programs, eg in UK 3 million mammograms
  per year
• 55 million mammograms per year world wide

• 20 cancers are missed by radiologists at
  screening
• 70-80 biopsies turn out to be benign
• 30 inter- and intra-radiologist variability
• 22 of films are lost between visits
• 5 of images need to be re-taken
• a 1cm tumor has typically been in the body for
  6-8 years

16
UK Breast Screening Today
Began in 1988 Women 50-64 Screened Every 3
Years 1 View/Breast Scotland, Wales, Northern
Ireland England (8 Regions) 92
Breast Screening Centres Each centre sees 5K-20K
images/yr
Paper
Film
1.5M - Screened in 2001-02 65,000 - Recalled for
Assessment 8,545 Cancers detected 300 - Lives
per year Saved
230 Radiologists Double Reading
Statistics from NHS Cancer Screening web site
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UK Breast Screening Challenges
Women 50-70 Screened Every 3 Years 2
Views/Breast Demographic Increase Scotland, Wal
es, Northern Ireland England (8 Regions) 92
Breast Screening Programmes Up to 50K/yr
per centre
Digital
Digital
2,000,000 - Screened every Year 120,000 -
Recalled for Assessment 10,000 - Cancers 1,250 -
Lives Saved
230 - Radiologists double Reading 50 -
Workload Increase
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eDiamond aims

• construct a federated database of mammograms
• contribute to Grid middleware development
• contribute to HealthGrid development in UK,
  Europe
• aims to support the UK Breast Screening Program

Novel image analysis, federation of large data
sets owned by hospitals, and levels of access to
that data
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end-user project goals

• Teaching tool for radiologists, radiographers
• St Georges Hospital
• Tele-diagnosis
• Edinburgh Breast Screening Unit, W. of Scotland
• Algorithm development data mining
• Oxford Radcliffe Breast Care Unit
• Epidemiology
• Guys Hospital, London
• Quality control
• Oxford Medical Vision Laboratory

Clinicians want to use the Grid they profoundly
wish to remain ignorant about how it works
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For several years, I had wanted to find a way to
gain the statistical power I needed for medical
image analysis the Grid offers the potential to
provide it! And, not just for medical image
analysis
Why is the Grid needed?

• mammograms are typical of medical images
• many parameters (potentially) of interest
• relatively few images gathered at each individual
  centre
• insufficient statistical power in the database
  garnered from a small number of centres
• The Grid provides the statistical power at
  acceptable bandwidth and with guarantees on
  secure image/data transmission

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The Grid is for all of scholarship

• Specialised image corpora knowledge are widely
  dispersed through the world
• The humanities have much to teach science about
  curation of large datasets, ontology development,
  and development of metadata

22

• UK e-Science Programme
• International Developments

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SR2000 e-Science Allocation
DG Research Councils
Grid TAG
E-Science Steering Committee
Director
Directors Management Role
Directors Awareness and Co-ordination Role
Generic Challenges EPSRC (15m), DTI (15m)
Academic Application Support Programme Research
Councils (74m), DTI (5m) PPARC (26m) BBSRC
(8m) MRC (8m) NERC (7m) ESRC (3m) EPSRC
(17m) CLRC (5m)
80m Collaborative projects
Industrial Collaboration (40m)
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SR2000SR2002 e-Science Funding

• Total for e-Science from Spending Reviews
• M 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 2004/5 2005/6
  TOTAL
• MRC 1.0 2.0 5.0 6.9 6.2 21.1
• BBSRC 1.0 2.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 18.0
• NERC 1.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 15.0
• EPSRC 6.0 13.0 22.0 17.2 19.5 77.7
• Of which-
• HPC 0.0 3.0 6.0 0.0 2.5 11.5
• Core Prog 3.0 6.0 6.0 8.2 8.0 31.2
• PPARC 3.0 8.0 15.0 16.4 15.2 57.6
• ESRC 0.0 1.0 2.0 5.5 5.1 13.6
• CCLRC 1.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 10.0
• TOTAL 13.0 29.5 55.5 57.5 57.5 213.0

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UK e-Science Grid

Edinburgh
Glasgow
Newcastle
DL
Belfast
Manchester
Cambridge
Oxford
Hinxton
RAL
Cardiff
London
Southampton
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e-Science Centres of Excellence

• Birmingham/Warwick Modelling
• Bristol Media
• UCL Networking
• White Rose Grid Leeds, York, Sheffield
• Lancaster Social Science
• Leicester Astronomy
• Reading - Environment

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UK e-Science Grid phase 2
Edinburgh
Glasgow
Newcastle
DL
Belfast
Manchester
Cambridge
Oxford
RL
Hinxton
Cardiff
London
Soton
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UK e-Science Timeframes

• 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
• SR2000
• SR2002
• SR2004
  
• SJ5/AAA Service
• LHC/LCG

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Particle Physics Grid

• Growing links with Particle Physics Grid
• Crucially important for next generation of
  experiments at CERN
• Huge investment (UK 100m in capital equipment
  alone)
• Oxford - integral part of Southern Tier 2 in UK
  particle physics Grid
• Important factor in development towards national
  persistent Grid
• EGEE instrumental
• International compatibility
• PP Grid has to be connected internationally!

30
Recent International Developments

• Enterprise Grid Alliance
• Leading technology companies today launched the
  Enterprise Grid Alliance (EGA), a consortium
  formed to develop enterprise grid solutions and
  accelerate the deployment of grid computing in
  enterprises.
• http//xml.coverpages.org/ni2004-04-20-a.html
• The EGA consortium has been formed to "encourage
  and accelerate movement to an open grid
  environment through interoperability solutions."
• Companies having representatives on the EGA Board
  of Directors include EMC, Fujitsu-Siemens, HP,
  Intel, NEC, Network Appliance, Oracle, and Sun.
• Microsoft, IBM, and BEA Systems have released a
  trio of proposed Web Services standards to
  address several unmet requirements to realise the
  promises of the services-oriented application
  model.
• Will underpin Grid Services

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Information-based society..

• e-Research and the Grid are contributors to the
  Information-based society
• e-Research/Grid part of the forces driving
  change-
• UK Grid
• e-Science projects are stretching the
  underpinning IT infrastructure
• e-Research/Grid also part of process of migration
  to Information Society-
• On-Demand resources
• Integration (especially of databases)
• Inter-connection or col-laboratories (eg Oxford
  and Auckland)
• Irving Wladawsky-Berger
• We see a world where more integration is needed,
  better management of information, and greater
  flexibility
• Vision applies directly to e-Research
• Information Society operating within academic
  framework
• NB e-Research is closely coupled to industry
  as will be demonstrated!!

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• Oxford e-Science

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Oxford e-Science Centre

• Summary
• In 2.5 years - grown to significant activity
• Supports and expands knowledge in, and use of,
  e-Science/Grid
• e-Science activities in at least 15 departments
• Portfolio of exciting research projects
• Strong contribution to UK e-Science Core
  Programme
• Creating persistent, robust and reliable national
  infrastructure
• Part of UK national Grid (one of 4 nodes)
• 20m flowed into and through University
• Offers e-Science support for region
• Close relationships with IBM and CCLRC (UK
  national laboratory)

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OeSC Objectives

• Establish Oxford as regional centre on UK
  national Grid
• Thereby establish Grid connections for our
  researchers
• Make our resources available on the Grid
• Support groups throughout University undertaking
  national and international e-Science projects
  (and other Grid activities), and link with
  companies
• Provide support infrastructure- registration,
  certificate authorisation, training,
  documentation, security, services
• Share development, coordinate and optimise across
  projects
• Disseminate
• Commission intranet Grid
• Share resources across university
• 3000 cpus !

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Collaborating OU Departments

• Biochemistry
• Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics
• Engineering
• Materials
• Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics
• Zoology
• Physics
• Oxford Internet Institute
• Said Business School
• Begbroke Business Park
• University Library Services
• Clinical Trials Unit
• Pharmacology and NTRAC
• Departments in Humanities

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2 Crucial e-Science Components

• Software Engineering Programme Team
• http//www.softeng.ox.ac.uk/
• Essential contribution to OeSC
• Contribute five academic staff, plus a number of
  dedicated researchers, to the e-Science team
• Expertise in design, requirements, and security
• Doctoral Training Centre
• http//www.stats.ox.ac.uk/mcvean/DTC.htm
• Providing training in general research and
  communication skills is crucial to the future
  development of interdisciplinary research
• Opportunity to share much of the training needed
  for e-Science

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IBM Others..
IBM, Mirada
CLRC Nottingham Leeds UCL Birmingham Auckland
Southampton Birkbeck, LRC, Birmingham,
Nottingham, York
Cambridge NTRAC UCL Univ. Wales Manchester (Singap
ore)
IBM
St. Georges, Guy's, Churchill, St. Thomas' NHS
Trust Hospitals Breast Screening Centres in
Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen Univ.
CLRC
BioSimGrid
NCRI Tissue Bank
All Universities in UK PP
Integrative Biology
High Throughput Structural Biology
e-DiaMoND Resource Man.
IBM, Virage, Boxer System Ltd, Square Box
Systems, Int DOI
CERN
2 Globus Gatekeepers - Linux Cluster
(Condor) - Supercomputer OeSC http//e-science.ox.
ac.uk Access Grid nodes JISC testbed
cluster Network Monitoring L2G/ETF/STF/TAG/GOC/AT
F
Grid PP Tier 2
Video Works
CLRC
CLRC Oxford Brookes
EDG CERN
Security Data Man. EDG
Remote Microscopy
JEOL
MIMAS, Eduserve
DCOCE
Climate Prediction
CLRC Open University
JISC
Collaborative Visualisation
MIAS-Grid
Geodise
National Cosmos Grid Rem. Vis.
Dynamic brain Atlas
Dame
Reality Grid
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Strategic Partnership with IBM

• Relationship built over many years now reached
  new levels
• Strategic alliance in e-Science with emphasis on
  Life Sciences
• Partnership framework signed on 21 January by VC
  and Director of Hursley
• A partnership between IBM and the University of
  Oxford will create a framework for recognising,
  consolidating, and sustaining the collaboration
  that already exists. It will take advantage of
  emerging opportunities for collaboration across
  the disciplines, and promote the exchange of
  ideas, resources, and talent between the two
  organisations.
• University
• academic research and scientific vision
• IBM
• expertise in industrial research and development
• options for deployment and exploitation
• Built on excellent collaboration forged in
  e-DiaMoND

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• e-Science/e-Research Vision

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e-Research a new paradigm

• The invention and exploitation of advanced IT
• to generate, curate and analyse research data
• From experiments, observations and simulations
• Quality management, preservation and reliable
  evidence
• to develop and explore models and simulations
• Computation and data at extreme scales
• Trustworthy, economic, timely and relevant
  results
• to enable dynamic distributed virtual
  organisations
• Facilitating collaboration with information and
  resource sharing
• Security, reliability, accountability,
  manageability and agility
• Training and teaching crucially important

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e-Research

• Developing e-Research
• Represents a new academic paradigm
• Requires a combination of expertise and resources
• Facilitates world leading research, new
  opportunities for deployment, exciting
  partnerships
• In Oxford driven as application-led e-Research
• Embracing computer science and computer services
• Includes Humanities
• Blended within University OeSC, OSC, SEP and
  DTC
• Set of skills completed - through partnership
  with IBM
• Expertise and resources for the realisation and
  deployment of designs, on a national, industrial
  scale
• e-Research -- an approach which goes beyond
  existing University structures and discipline
  boundaries

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Research has it changed?

• e-Science has already changed research in
  Universities
• e-DiaMoND, Integrative Biology,
• New capabilities to form col-laboratories (eg
  Oxford-Auckland)
• But .. e-Science is a path to development of
  interdisciplinary research
• Very exciting opportunities
• Vision for future-
• e-Science/e-Research acting as a catalyst for
  interdisciplinary advancement - underpinned by a
  new IT infrastructure - facilitating new kinds of
  research
• e-Research recognised as an academic pursuit (not
  just infrastructure)
• Component of the new Information Society

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Conclusions

• e-Science activity has grown rapidly
• e-Research and Grid will continue to grow in
  importance
• Flagship projects..
• e-DiaMoND and many others
• demonstrate that research has already changed
• e-Research is a new paradigm which enriches
  academia and changes research
• catalyst for interdisciplinary activities
  offering new possibilities
• Relationship with IBM strategic for Oxford
  University
• e-Research component of the new Information
  Society