Conditional Statements

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Chapter 33

• Conditional Statements

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What is a condition?

• While you may not be accustomed to the term
  conditional statement, you use them in various
  forms every day.
• An at least two-part statement which indicates
  that one state or act is dependent (conditional)
  upon the occurrence of another state or action.
• If I drink too much, I say stupid things.

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Structure

• As mentioned before, a conditional statement
  requires at least two formal sections
• The if section called a protasis.
• The then section called an apodosis.

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Protasis

• This is formally a subordinate clause.
• It establishes the premises or conditions under
  which the action or state of the apodosis occur.
  
• There may be more than one.
• In English, it is usually introduced with if,
  whenever, unless, etc.
• In Latin, it is usually introduced with si or
  nisi.

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Apodosis

• This is formally the independent or main clause.
• It establishes what action or state occurs or
  hypothetically occurs if the conditions are met.
• There may be more than one.
• There are no key terms that indicate this portion
  of the sentence as it is the main clause.

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Types of Conditions

• There are two formal types of conditional
  statements in Latin.
• General/Specific indicated by the use of the
  indicative mood.
• Potential indicated by the use of the subjunctive
  mood.
• Both of these have three major subsets based upon
  the tense of the verbs.

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General/Particular

• These are indicated by the use of the indicative
  mood verbs.
• Present General/Particular
• If Im here, she is too.
• Past General/Particular
• If I was there, she was too.
• Future General/Particular
• If she will be there, I will be too.

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Potential

• These are indicated by the use of the subjunctive
  mood verbs.
• Present Potential Imperfect Subjunctives
• If she were here, I would be happy.
• Past Potential Pluperfect Subjunctives
• If she had been here, I would have been happy.
• Future Potential Present Subjunctives
• If she should be there, I would be happy.

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Examples

• si pecuniam amas, sapientia cares.
• si veritatem quaesivissemus, scientiam
  invenissemus.
• multos amicos amitteretis, nisi iram vitaretis.
• laudavimus eum, si quis bonos mores habuit.
• si isti vincant, discedamus.