CHAPTER 13: LIFE IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH (1789-1860)

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CHAPTER 13 LIFE IN THE NORTH AND
SOUTH(1789-1860)
SHARLANA, SORINA, ARYELLE, ALIVIA, AND JADA
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Vocabulary

• factory- a building or group of buildings where
  goods are manufactured.
• Textile- a type of cloth or woven fabric.
• Mass production- the production of large
  quantities that are a standardized article.
• Interchangeable parts- Identical parts that are
  used for practical purposes.

• Cotton gin- a machine used for separating cotton
  from its seeds.
• Planter- a manager or owner of a plantation.
• Spiritual- pertaining to, or consisting of
  spirit.
• Underground Railroad- a secret network for
  helping slaves escape from the south to the north
  and Canada in the years before the American Civil
  War.

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chapter 13 Section 1The industrial revolution
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Main Idea A The Industrial Revolution changed
the way Americans manufactured goods.

• American colonists earned their living by farming
  before the Revolutionary War. Some workers were
  blacksmiths and storekeepers, that lived in
  towns. They sold goods that farmers couldnt
  produce for themselves.
• There were no factories, but then the Industrial
  Revolution began in Britain in the late 1700s.
  Special machines were invented for the textile
  industry, which allowed the British factories to
  spin and weave at fast speeds. Britain wanted to
  keep these methods a secret, which made them pass
  laws to prevent the export of their machines and
  to stop textile workers from leaving.
• However, the New England states were developing
  their own textile industry by the 1790s and the
  American investors offered rewards to people that
  would help them build textile factories.

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Continue.

• In 1789, a man named Samuel Slater slipped out of
  Great Britain and came to the United States. He
  worked for Moses Brown and used his memory to
  make a cotton-spinning machine and helped Moses
  Brown build a textile factory. This started the
  American Industrial Revolution and helped make
  New England the first manufacturing region in the
  U.S.
• The factories increased during the war of 1812,
  which kept British imports from entering the U.S.
  It also increased because of the Tariff of 1816
  and the Americans began making more of their own
  goods.
• A Boston merchant named Francis Lowell had an
  idea that one factory could include all the steps
  needed to make a product and would increase time
  and profits. He then built a textile factory in
  Waltham, Massachusetts.
• Lowell also established a new labor systems,
  which included women. The women worked in the
  factory to wove clothing and made more money than
  they earned in farm labor. They lived together in
  dormitories and the company offered religious
  instruction, education, and entertainment. The
  new labor systems also allowed women to produce
  their own magazine.

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Main Idea B Eli Whitneys inventions improved
manufacturing

• During the undeclared war between the U.S and
  France in the 1790s, there was not enough muskets
  in the U.S. The muskets weren't alike and if one
  broke, it would have to be repaired by a skilled
  worker. Eli Whitney designed a machine to make
  the musket parts identical and could fit in any
  gun. Therefore, the parts wouldnt have to be
  made by skilled workers and made it cheaper,
  faster, and easier to produce. Whitneys idea was
  soon applied to other objects.
• The reasons for Northern Industrial Growths
• The southern economy was based on agriculture
  which they sold to northern states and other
  countries
• The North had a larger population and more
  factory workers
• The North had better transportation systems
• The banking system in the North was more advanced
• Immigrants from Europe came to the North and
  fueled the labor supplies

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Main Idea C The early 1800s was a time of
improvements in transportation, daily life, and
communication

• The industry required raw materials to be shipped
  to different places, which resulted as a better
  need for transportation. Henry Clays American
  System created new canals, roads, and railroads.
  This made costs for moving goods decline and in
  the 1800s, there were new roads and turnpikes
  that made moving goods easier. The first
  steam-operated railway for passengers and
  freight, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, began
  operating in 1830. Canals were also built.
• In 1807, Robert Fulton sailed the Clermont, which
  was the first successful steamboat, on the Hudson
  River from N.Y.C. to Albany. His trip was less
  time than a horse drawn wagon. In the 1840s, more
  advanced ships were created and were quicker.
• The Industrial Revolution was fueled by many new
  inventions, which helped farmers. The mechanical
  reaper was invented by Cyrus McCormick in 1831, a
  lightweight steel plow was invented by John Deer
  in 1837, and the first telegraph was invented by
  Samuel F.B. Morse and completed in 1844.

• mechanical reaper

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CHAPTER 13 LESSON 2 COTTON IS KING
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COTTON IS KING

• I. ELI WHITNEYS INVENTION A.
• Cotton was grown as a cash crop during the
  1600s.
• Cotton had both positive and negative aspect.
• The positive aspect was it was made into
• comfortable clothing.
• The negative aspect was sticky green seeds were
• attached to the cotton and had to be removed
  before it was used.
• B. BEGINNINGS OF COTTON FARMING IN THE UNITED
• STATES
• The first American cotton crops were harvested on
  farms located on southern islands off the
  Atlantic coast.
• Inland cotton (formally known as short staple
  cotton) contained sticky green seeds that had to
  be removed.
• An abundant amount of labor was required to
  removed the sticky green seeds. As a result, the
  cost of cotton grew and it became more expensive

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COTTON IS KING

• I.C. ELI WHITNEY MAKES A DIFFERENCE
• Eli Whitney, the inventor who came up with
  interchangeable parts, learned of the cotton
  cleaning problem in 1792.
• Whitney studied older machines designed to clean
  cotton. He realized they did not work well
  because they grounded the seeds into the cotton
  fibers.
• In 1793, Whitney improved the machines by placing
  a wooden cylinder covered in metal spikes into a
  box full of cotton. A hand crank was used to turn
  the cylinder. The spikes hooked onto the fibers
  and pulled them through narrow slots where the
  seeds could not pass.
• This machine was called the cotton gin.
• The average machine cleaned 10 lbs. of cotton per
  day larger models produced over half a ton of
  cotton a day (1,000)
• interchangeable parts-identical parts that can
  be substituted for each other.
• cotton gin- a machine that removed seeds from
  cotton fibers.

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COTTON IS KING

• II. THE COTTON INDUSTRY A.
• Farmers in the South wished to grow cotton to
  share the profit.
• Cotton was more and more in demand at Northern
  cotton mills and British cotton mills.
• Cotton growing spread from as far west as Texas
  and north into Virginia. This area was known as
  the Cotton Kingdom.
• B. GROWTH OF THE COTTON KINGDOM
• Large amounts of money to be made in cotton had
  important effects on the South.
• In the coastal states of Georgia and South
  Carolina , cotton was a primary crop.
• Planters moved into lands that had belonged to
  previous Native American group in search of newer
  and better cotton growing lands.
• Cotton was a major cash crop in Alabama,
  Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia, and Texas by the
  1830s.
• The textile industry in the New England states
  developed rapidly because the South supplied it
  with more and more cotton.
• Each cotton bale weighed 500 lbs. 4 million
  were produced every year by 1860

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MAP OF THE COTTON KINGDOM
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COTTON IS KING

• II.C. A TARIFF DIVIDES THE NATION
• The British textile industry was in need of the
  American cotton, so ships carried it across the
  Atlantic Ocean.
• Southerners were unhappy about the tariff policy
  because they depended on the imports from Great
  Britain.
• The high tariff that protected Northern factories
  raised the prices on goods Southerners bought
  from other countries.
• Northerners argued that the high tariff was
  needed to allow the industries to grow.

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COTTON IS KING

• III. THE PLANTATION SYSTEM A.
• Cotton profit led to the expansion of
• the plantation system in the South.
• The first Virginia plantations produced tobacco.
• South Carolina plantations produced rice and
  indigo.
• Louisiana plantations produced sugar cane.
• Cotton grew more often due to the invention of
• the cotton gin.
• B. BEGINNINGS OF THE PLANTATION SYSTEM
• Planters were responsible for producing and
  selling cotton from his land.
• Planters purchased their own supplies.
• Planters on average owned over 20 slaves. Most
  planters however could only afford less than 10
  slaves and had the help of an overseer.
• Many people thought slavery was key in planter
  life.

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CHAPTER 13LESSON 3

• THE SLAVE SYSTEM

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Main Idea A Slavery In the United States

• -Introduction
• By the time of the Revolutionary War, slavery had
  almost disappeared. Religious groups in the
  northern colonies such as the Quakers had
  detested slavery.
• -Slavery and the Law.
• About half the slaves in the South worked on
  plantations. They produced cotton, tobacco, sugar
  cane, and other crops.
• One fourth of southern white families owned
  slaves.
• Enslaved African Americans had no basic rights of
  freedom. Only white, U.S citizens were the only
  ones able of gaining their basic rights.

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ContinueMain Idea A.

• The Importance of cotton.
• In the south cotton had become a principle crop.
  They called it King Cotton.
• The cotton gin allowed farmers to produce more
  cotton, so they planted bigger crops.
• The invention of the cotton gin had changed the
  ideas about slavery in the South.
• Many people thought that slaves were needed as
  the cotton gin invention spread. They also
  thought that the workers would satisfy the King
  Cotton.
• Many people in the South believed thought that
  only slave workers could provide enough workers
  to satisfy King Cotton.

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Main Idea B Life Under Slavery

• Work for enslaved people.
• Enslaved African Americans had to wake up early
  for work.
• Women had to do chores such as cooking, cleaning,
  and washing clothes. Men were carpenters,
  painters, shoemakers or at other jobs.
• Most enslaved people had longer and harder tasks.
• Most enslaved people had to working hours in the
  fields. Men, women and children older than ten
  had to do back-breaking chores, grow cotton,
  sugar cane, tobacco and other crops in the fields.

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ContinueMain Idea B.

• -No freedom
• The lack of freedom and the threat of punishment
  were facts of life for enslaved African
  Americans.
• Slaveholders had the legal right to inflict
  physical punishment on slaves.
• They were able to use whips or force slaves to
  work while wearing leg irons.
• -Family Life and Culture
• Most Africans Americans couldt marry because it
  wasnt recognized by the law.
• On plantations, families often lived together but
  they lived in fear of being traded or sold off
  away from loved ones.
• Enslaved African Americans often lived in small
  cabins with their family.
• Enslaved people shared many things with each
  other mostly their culture.
• They expressed themselves through storytelling,
  dancing and art.
• Slaves expressed their beliefs through religious
  songs called spirituals.

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Main Idea C Resistance to Slavery

• -Introduction
• In the South, many African Americans were forced
  to live out their lives as slaves. Some rebelled
  and some escaped to be closer to family.
• -The Secret Network
• The Underground Railroad was created in the
  1830s.
• The secret routes led to northern states or other
  countries such as Cuba, México, Canada, or the
  Bahamas.
• There were stationaries for the slaves to hid,
  rest, and sleep.
• The conductors would help guide slaves to
  safety. Some conductors were former slaves them
  selves.
• Slaves were willing to risk great dangers so they
  can escape the terrible fate they received as a
  slave.

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UNDERGROUND RAILROAD 1860
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ContinueMain idea C.

• -Slave Rebellions
• Only few of the slaves decided to resist slavery.
• The best known rebellion of slaves and planters
  was known as Turners Rebellion. It was led by
  Nat Turner, in Virginia in 1831. The rebellion
  failed, and Turner was hung.
• The first rebellion was Gabriels Uprising. The
  group was led by Gabriel Prosser, they tried to
  take over Richmond, Virginia, in 1800. Prosser
  and followers were executed.
• In 1822, Denmark Vesey, a free African American
  man revolted, but ended up being executed.
• After a few revolts planters and others in the
  South were afraid of slave uprisings.
• After Turners Rebellion many stricter slave
  codes were past. Slaves couldnt hunt with guns,
  they could not play music, also night patrols
  were formed to prevent the meetings of enslaved
  African Americans.