Department of Microbiology, HMU

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Medical Microbiology
Department of Microbiology, HMU
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???????

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• ????A, B, C?
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????(Influenza Virus)

• ??????(Orthomyxovirus)
• 19181919??????????2000??????

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?????

• ???????,80120nm,???
• ????????????,??????????????

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• 80-120 nm
• -ssRNA,???
• ????8???
• ??7???

• 8 Structural proteins
• Glycoproteins
• HA (H1-H15)
• NA (N1-N9)
• M1, M2
• 8 nucleocapsid segments
• RNA, NP, PB1, PB2, PA
• HA-attachment to receptors,initiation
• NA-degradation of receptors, release

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??????

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???(Hemagglutinin, HA)

• ????????????HA1?HA2
• HA?????
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• ??????
• HA?????????

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?????(Neuraminidase, NA)

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• ??
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??????

• ????(Antigen drift)
• ????(Antigen shift)

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Influenza pandemics associated with antigenic
shift
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Influenza pathogenesis

• Transmission
• Aerosoles
• Infection
• Epithelial cells
• Replication cycle
• 4 6 h
• Cell death
• Necrosis,apoptosis
• Incubation
• 18 72 h
• PBMC
• Non-productive

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• NA?????????,?????????,??????
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Influenza natural course
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• Seyes???

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Primary influenza pneumonia
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Influenza - diagnosis

• Specimens throat swabs, NPS, nasal aspirates,
  sputum
• Culture conventional, rapid
• Direct detection (EIA, IF, PCR)
• Serologic response 4-fold or greater
• rise in IgG titers

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Treatment Amantadine

• bind M2 protein, inhibit uncoating
• selective influenza A
• reduce symptom score
• Disadvantages
• side effects CNS
• drug-resistance

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NA Inhibitor

• zanamivir, oseltamivir
• Sialic acid analogues, Inhibit influenza A,B
• Highly effective if started early, effective in
  prophylaxis

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????(Paramyxoviruses)

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• ????
• ???????

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????????

• 150-300nm,???????
• -ssRNA??????,?????
• ???????,??????
• ???????????
• ???(HA)?HN??
• ???(HL)?F??(????)

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????(Measles Virus)

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• 120-250nm,-ssRNA,????
• ???HA?HL???????
• HA????RBC,?????????
• HL???????,???????
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• ?WHO???????
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• SSPE

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• ??
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?????

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• 5????

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???????Respiratory Syncytial Virus,RSV

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• ????????,????,????????????
• ???45?,?????13?
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?????(Mumps virus)

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• ????????,?????????????CPE
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????(Ruella virus)

• ?????(Togaviridae)?????
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???

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?????

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• ????(MMR)

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???? Coronavirus,CoV

• ?????(Coronaviridae)?????
• ????,80nm160nm,ssRNA,????
• ?????????????????????,???????

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?????????????SARS Coronavirus, SARS CoV

• SARS 2002?????????

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SARS??

• ???????????
• ???212?,??45?
• ????????????

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(No Transcript)
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?????

• 60-130nm,?????????
• ssRNA,29.7KB,?14?ORF,???RNA????S?E?M?N????
• ?Vero??????CPE
• ???????,?????SARS??

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SARS Genome
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SARS?????
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???SARS??
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(No Transcript)
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??

• ?????????????
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• ????
• RT-PCR
• ?????ELISA
• ?????????????(P3)
• ?????????

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??

• SARS CoV???CoV????,???????????????12?
• ?????,37oC??4?,56oC??90??,75oC30??
• ????????????UV???,
• WHO??????????,?????

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Summary Respiratory Infected Viruses

• Orthomyxoviruses
• Influenza viruse
• Paraomyxoviruses
• Measles virus
• Parainfluenza virus
• Respiratory syncytial virus
• Mumps virus

• Rubella virus
• Coronavirus and SARS Coronavirus
• Adenoviruses

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Influenza Viruses

• Orthomyxoviruses Influenza Viruses
• A middle-sized enveloped virus with fragmented
  RNA genome

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Variation

• There two surface proteins in the surface of the
  envelope. HA is the main neutralizing antigen
• Hemagglutinin
• neuaminidase
• Since the highly variation of the genome,
  Influenza happens frequently due to people have
  no immunity to the mutated viruses

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Other Respiratory Infected Viruses

• Paraomyxoviruses
• Measles virus
• Parainfluenza virus
• Respiratory syncytial virus
• Mumps virus
• Rubella virus
• Coronavirus and SARS Coronavirus
• Adenoviruses

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