LNG in-ground tank

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LNG in-ground tank
March 6th, 2006 Kajima Corporation
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LNG in-ground tank Kajima's construction
experience

• - From 1976, delivered LNG in-ground tanks of
  various capacity from 650 kl to 200,000 kl
• - 26 LNG in-ground tanks in Japan with combined
  capacity of 2,370,000 kl

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Structure of LNG in-ground tank

• Steel roof / Insulation

Concrete roof
Banking
Side heater
Membrane
Insulation
Concrete segment
Side wall
Diaphragm wall
Gravel layer
Bottom heater
Bottom slab
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Concrete roof
Membrane
Diaphragm wall
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Side heater
Bottom heater
Concrete segment
Insulation
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Embedded tank
Banking

• - Harmonious with the ambient environment
• - Highly reliable and safe
• - Multipurpose uses of the ground above the
  banking

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Bottom slab structure
Bottom slab (pressure-reducing slab)
Pressure-reducing slab can be applied to the
ground where the water seepage is anticipated to
be small.
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Earth retaining structure
Vertical NATM
Earth retaining structure by vertical NATM can be
applied to the self-supporting ground where the
water seepage is anticipated to be small.
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Cryogenic test for concrete structure
Determining low temperature characteristics of
material

• Low temperature bending test
• of RC beam

Low temperature tensile test of reinforcing bar
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Test for frozen soil
Determining mechanical properties and expansion
pressure of frozen soil
Test for frozen soil by using 3-dimensional model
Test for frozen soil by using 2-dimensional model
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Estimation of strength for RC roof
Estimation of strength for RC roof including
bucking analysis considering non-linearity of
material and shape
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Earthquake observation and analysis
Determining seismic behaviour based on the
analysis from various perspectives, by using a
wealth of observation data
Wave patterns of the acceleration of the ground
and the tank
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Automatized reinforcing bars distributing robot
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Air support construction method

• 1. Construction of
• side wall

2. Assembly of steel roof
3. Air lifting
4. Installation of steel roof
5. Air support construction (concrete placing)
6. Completed
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High performance concrete "Supercrete"
Cost reduction due to development of Supercrete,
a high performance concrete with compressive
strength of 80 N/mm2
Supercrete slurry wall
Verification test of supercrete
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Excavation machine for thinner diaphragm wall
Better construction environment and less
loosening problems of the natural ground,
compared with conventional spraying method
Excavation machine for thinner diaphragm wall and
finished concrete wall
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Self-elevating scaffolding
Self-elevating scaffolding can be used for the
construction of the structure, such as assembly
of concrete segment for side wall, erection of
reinforcing bars, installation of outer forms and
so forth.
Self-elevating scaffolding
Assembly of concrete segment using self-elevating
scaffolding
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Machine for assemblage and erectionof
reinforcing bars
Assemblage, transportation and installation of
reinforcing bars can be done collectively in the
working yard.
Erection of assembled reinforcing bars
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All weather type rapid construction method
Roof is assembled, prior to construction of side
wall. After that, insulation and membrane are
installed concurrently with construction of side
wall. ? Shortening of construction period
(Rapid construction)
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In-ground type Aboveground type (PC, metal)
Composite structure of conventional in-ground
tank and PC (metal) aboveground tank (Aboveground
tank is built on the top of side wall of
in-ground tank. )
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Steel Concrete roof type
RC roof is built around the outer perimeter of
steel roof, to the enlarge inner diameter of the
tank ? Large-sized tank as much as 100m in
diameter
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Automated pneumatic caisson method
LNG in-ground tank can be built without earth
retaining wall and cut-off wall.
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Comparison of structures for the next large-sized
tank
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Case 1 (Rigid connection type 200,000 kl)
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Case 2 (250,000 kl tank)
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Case 3 (300,000 kl tank)
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Case 4 (Semi in-ground tank 250,000 kl)
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LNG aboveground tank
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(No Transcript)
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Type of LNG tank
Single containment tank Elevated base
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Double containment tank Reinforced concrete outer
tank wall Earth embankment
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Pit-in (double containment) tank Reinforced
concrete pit Elevated base
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Double containment tank Prestressed concrete
outer tank wall
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Full containment tank Reinforced concrete
roof Prestressed concrete outer tank wall
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Construction procedure
1. Foundation work
2. Base slab and PC outer tank wall
- Soil improvement - Pile foundation
PC outer tank wall
Base slab
Bottom heater
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3. PC outer tank wall
4. Mechanical work
Mechanical work - Liner for the outer shell
bottom - Assembly of inner outer roof
- Lifting up the roof - Liner for the side of
outer shell - Bottom insulation - Bottom and side
of inner tank
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5. PC outer tank wall
6. Mechanical work
- Close the opening - Prestressing
- Water pressure test - Pressure test - Pneumatic
test
PUF panel for side wall
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7. Mechanical work
8. Mechanical work
- Side and roof insulation
- Tests cooling down
Start of the operation
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Bottom heater

• Conventional type

Trombone shape type
Kajima type
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PUF panel
PUF cap

• Stud bolt

PC structure
Surface material (in-situ installation)
Liner plate
PUF (in-situ injection foam)
PUF panel
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Construction experience

• Petrochemical complex
• in Oita, Japan