Unit II Nursing profession

1
(No Transcript)
2
Unit II Nursing profession
Lecture 2 By Dr. Hala Yehia
3
The objectives of the lecture
1- Define Nursing profession 2- Identify what
Individual attributes required to be a
nurse 3-Discuss History of nursing
4
Introduction You have chosen to be a nurse.
What does the word nurse mean? The word nurse
derives from the Latin word meaning to
nourish Nursing combines scientific principles,
technical skills, and personal compassion Nursing
is a practical and noble profession. .
5
What is Nursing profession
Nursing as integral part of the health care
system, encompasses the promotion of health,
prevention of illness and care of physically ill
and disabled people of all ages, in all health
care and community settings
6
Who is the Nurse?
The Nurse is a person who has completed a program
of basic generalized nursing education and
authorized by appropriate regulatory authority to
practice nursing
7
Basic Nursing education is a formally recognized
program of study providing a broad and sound
foundation in the behavioral, life, and nursing
science for the general practice of nursing, for
leadership role, and for post-basic education for
specialty or advanced nursing practice.
8

• The nurse is prepared and authorized to
• Engage in the general scope of nursing practice
• Carry out health care teaching
• Participate as a member health care team
• Supervise and train nurses and health care
  auxiliaries
• Involve in research.

9
Function of the nurse
Caring for individuals, sick or well Assess the
responses to health status. Assist individuals
in the performance of activities contributing to
health or recovery.
10
Function of the nurse

• Share with other health team the planning,
  implementation and evaluation to ensure the
  adequacy of the health system for promoting
  health, preventing illness, and caring for ill
  and disabled

11
The professional roles of the nurse

• Provider of health care to individuals, family,
  and community
• A manager and leader for nurses and Auxiliary
  personnel in both service and education settings

12
The professional roles of the nurse

• Teacher and trainer for student in nursing
  sciences both theoretically and practice
• A researcher as well as assisting in research
• Expert and consultant in nursing for national and
  international

13
Individual attributes required to be a nurse
include

• A strong sense of responsibility
• A highest standards of integrity.
• Well education,
• Ability to integrate the art and the science of
  working with people

14
History of nursing
Nursing is one of the youngest profession but one
of the oldest arts. It evolved from the familial
roles of nurturing and care taking.
15
Nursing in Ancient Time
The nurse usually was the mother who cared for
her family during sickness by providing physical
care and herbal treatment. This nurturing and
caring role of nurse has continued to include
assisting women during childbirth, suckling
healthy newborns, and ministering to the ill,
aged and helpless within households and
surrounding communities. Its hallmark was caring
more than curing
16
Nursing in Christian Time
During the Middle Ages in Europe, people
attributed illness to punishment for sin or
caused by evil spirit. Religious groups assumed
many of the roles of nursing. Nuns and priests
combined their efforts to save souls with
commitment to care for the sick. But their
number was not enough.
17
Nursing in Christian Time cont.
Consequently, some convents engaged lay people
to assist with physical care of the sick people.
Nursing attendants were ignorant, uncouth, and
apathetic to the need to their charge.
18
Nursing in Christian Time cont.
Infection, pressure sores and malnutrition were a
testimony to their neglect In the early
Christian period, nursing began to have a formal
and more clearly defined role. Led by the belief
that love and caring for others were important,
women called deaconesses made the first
organized visits to sick people and members of
male religious orders gave nursing care
19
Nursing in Christian Time cont.

• The Greeks began to establish centers and
  Hospitals for the enormous number of pilgrims
  needing healthcare, and nursing became a
  respected vocation.

20
The influence of Hippocrates

• Hippocrates, born in 460 BC on the Greek island
• He is the Father of Medicine
• He helped to lay the groundwork for nursing and
  medicine
• He proposed the concept of physical assessment.

21

• He emphasized the importance of caring for the
  whole person (holistic healthcare)
• Physician repeat the Hippocrates oath when
  graduating.
• Hippocrates healthcare education and training
  become standard as scientific knowledge increased

22
The Roman Matrons

• The first recorded history of nursing began with
  biblical women who cared for the sick and
  injured.
• The first nursing educator is a Roman woman who
  converted her house into a monastery

23
Monastic and military nursing orders

• Beginning in the first century, several monastic
  orders were established to care for the sick.
  Sometimes, the monastery itself became the refuge
  for sick and cared by religious men and women
• During the crusades, - female in northern Europe
  were nearly eliminated from giving nursing care

24
Monastic and military nursing orders cont.

• Male military conducted most nursing care because
  they were required to defend the hospital as well
  as to care for the sick

25
The Reformation

• In the 1500s, during the European religious
  movement, many monasteries closed and the work of
  woman in religious orders nearly ended.
• 1800s, The dark ages of nursing the few women
  who cared for the sick were prisoners or
  prostitutes. Nursing was considered menial of
  all tasks.

26

• By the late 1800s, many school for trained nurses
  existed throughout Europe. The status of nursing
  began to improve and many women including
  religious once again became involved in nursing
  care.

27
Florence Nightingale

• Was born in 1820 to wealthy English parents.
• She entered the deaconess school of nursing and
  her family were strongly apposed to her becoming
  a nurse and then graduated in 1853

28
Florence Nightingale cont.

• She was working as a manager for nursing home in
  London.
• During the Crimean war, 1854, Nightingale entered
  the battlefield with 38 other nurses and cared
  for sick and injured

29
Florence Nightingale cont.

• She insisted on establishing sanitary conditions
  and providing quality nursing care day and night
  carrying oil lamps which reduced the mortality
  rate.

30
Nightingale definition of nursing.

• In 1859 Nightingale said that nature alone cures,
  medicine and surgery assist nature to remove the
  obstruction. Nursing put the patient in the best
  condition for nature to act upon him.

31
Florence Nightingale school

• She opened the first nursing school out side
  hospitals in 1860.
• The nursing course was one year in length and
  included both classroom and clinical experiences
  in London.
• The school emphasized learning rather than
  service.
• Some principles of this school are still taught
  today.

32
Nightingale principles of nursing

• Cleanliness is vital to recovery
• The sick person has individual needs
• Nursing is an art and science
• Nurses should spend their time caring for others
  not cleaning
• Prevention is better than cure
• The nurse must work as a member of a team

33
Nightingale principles of nursing cont.

• Self-discipline and self-evaluation are important
• The nurse should be healthy in mind and body
• Teaching is part of nursing
• Nursing is a specialty
• A nurse should continue learning throughout her
  career

34
Nursing in the United States

• Nursing started as familial role.
• Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries,
  historical and nursing developments interacted to
  build the foundation of modern nursing practice
• The establishment and growth of a system of
  nursing education is the most important
  development that has shaped todays nursing

35
Nursing in Islamic Time

• Nursing found since (El-Rasol period) women
  caring soldiers in war by permission from El
  Rasol and give care for wound also used method of
  administration in regulation and coordination the
  work.

36
Break
37
Unit II Nursing profession

• Lecture 3

38
Objectives of the lecture

• 1- Identify the existing system of nursing
  education
• 2- Determine the levels of nurses
• 3-Enumerate the scope of practice
• 4- List factors influencing the practice and
  competence of the nurse
• 5- Identify the code of ethics of nursing

39
The existing system of nursing education

• High nursing education
• university nursing education program. The
  admission requirements are secondary school
  certificate and the duration of the study is 4
  years plus one year as internship.
• The graduate award after completion of this
  program a Bachelor degree in nursing sciences and
  be a specialist in nursing

40
The existing system of nursing education cont.

• The post graduate education for master degree
  and for doctorate degree is present in many
  countries and universities.
• The technical nursing education
• A three year diploma in nursing . These schools
  allow to have a specialty diploma in certain
  countries. The period of study is 11 months after
  the finishing the general diploma.
• Example of these diploma midwifery, school
  health visitors

41
The existing system of nursing education

• Assistant nursing education
• These schools prepare assistant nurse in deferent
  specialty as first aid assistant nurse.
• However WHO is trying to permit practicing
  nursing only by specialist and close or technical
  schools

42
levels of Nurses

• 1- Nurse generalist
• Has basic nursing generalized education and
  authorized by the appropriate regulatory
  authority to Practice nursing in his or her
  country
• (Bs Nurse)

43
levels of Nurses

• 2-Nurse specialist
• Prepared beyond the level of a nurse generalist
  and authorized to practice as a specialist with
  advanced expertise in a branch of the nursing.
  The program of study is built upon the general
  education for the nurse. Specialty practice
  includes clinical, teaching, administration,
  research and consultant roles.

44
levels of Nurses

• 3-Nursing Auxiliary
• Those who assist in the practice of nursing under
  the standards and the direct or indirect
  supervision of nurses are referred to a general
  sense as auxiliaries or assistants

45
The scope of practice

• The scope of practice is defined as the roles,
  competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes)
  and the professional accountability of the nurse.
• Nursling's authority comes from evidence-based
  knowledge related to its sphere of practice.

46
The scope of practice cont.

• Nursing is also allied to other health
  professions through its collaborating, referring,
  and coordinating activities, and thus has
  developed a distinct as well as a shared body of
  knowledge and practice

47
Factors influencing The practice and competence
of the nurse

• Education, experience, expertise and interests as
  well as the context of practice are among these
  factors.
• Therefore, definitions of roles and scope of
  practice need to reflect what is actual nursing..

48

• Nurses require appropriate initial and ongoing
  education and training as well as lifelong
  learning to practice competently within their
  scope of practice.

49
The code of ethics of nursing profession

• The code of ethics is an essential
  characteristics of a profession. It provide
  means for exercise of professional self
  regulation.

50

• It is expected that the nursing syndicate with
  the government authorities will be aware of the
  fact that to develop the nursing profession law.
  They should define the different roles and
  functions as well as the responsibilities of the
  nurse and decide the code of ethics of nursing

51

• THANK YOU