THE NEW DEAL

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THE NEW DEAL
NC Objectives 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.05
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• Students will be able to
• Summarize the initial steps Roosevelt took
• to reform banking and finance
• Describe New Deal work programs
• Identify critics of FDRs New Deal
• Describe the purpose of the Second New Deal
• Summarize New Deal programs for farmer
• Identify the Second New Deal programs aimed at
• assisting young people and professionals
• Summarize labor and economic reforms carried
• out under the Second New Deal

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A New Deal Fights the Depression

• Who won the 1932 election?
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt-FDR
• What was the New Deal?
• Program created by FDR to alleviate the problems
• of the Great Depression
• A new deal for the American people
• Focused on relief for the needy, economic
  recovery and
• financial reform
• What were the basic purposes of the New Deal?
• Direct Relief help for victims of depression
• Recovery getting out of the depression
• Reform fix the economic system to prevent future
  
• depressions

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• What did Roosevelt do before he became president?
  
• Four months between election and inauguration
• Worked with team of advisors, professors,
  lawyers,
• and journalists, became known as the Brain
  Trust

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• What did Roosevelt do during the Hundred Days?
• First hundred days of office Congress passed 15
  pieces of
• major New Deal legislation
• Emergency Banking Relief Act
• -declared a bank holiday and closed all banks
• -authorized the Treasury Department to inspect
  banks
• Glass-Steagall Act
• -established the Federal Deposit Insurance
  Corporation (FDIC)
• -federal insurance for individual bank accounts
• -required banks to act cautiously with
  customers money
• Federal Securities Act
• -required corporations to provide complete
  information
• on all stock offerings
• These laws and others that followed significantly
  expanded
• the federal governments role in the nations
  economy

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• Why were Roosevelts fireside chats significant?
• Radio talks about issues of public concern
• Restored Americans faith in the banking system
• Many returned their savings to banks

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• Which New Deal programs were created to provide
• relief for farmers and workers?
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
• -raise crop prices by lowering production
• -government paid farmers not to farm a certain
  amount
• of every acre
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
• -men between 18-25
• -lived in camps
• -racially segregated
• -built roads and bridges
• -planted trees developing over 800 state parks

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• What did the National Recovery Act do?
• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
• Provided money to states to create jobs in the
  construction
• of schools and other community buildings
• Promoted industrial growth by establishing fair
  practice codes
• Created the National Recovery Administration
  (NRA)
• -set prices for many products
• -standards for working hours
• -banned child labor
• Guaranteed workers right to unionize and to
  bargain collectively
• Which New Deal programs helped homeowners?
• Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) provided
  loans to
• homeowners who faced foreclosure
• National Housing Act created the Federal Housing
• Administration (FHA) which furnishes loans for
  home
• mortgages and repairs

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• What did liberal and conservative critics say
  about
• the New Deal?
• Deficit spending-spending more money than the
  government
• receives in revenues
• Liberal critics-New Deal did not go far enough to
  help the
• poor and reform the nations economic system
• Conservative critics-too much money on direct
  relief and
• federal government was try to control
  agriculture and business

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• How did FDR react when the Supreme Court
• declared two New Deal programs unconstitutional?
• Supreme Court declared the NIRA and AAA
  unconstitutional
• Roosevelt wanted to pass a court packing bill
  which would
• allow him to reorganize the federal judiciary
  and add six new
• Supreme Court justices
• Caused protest in the Congress and press
• Over next four years Roosevelt appointed seven
  new justices
• due to resignations

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• Who were Charles Coughlin, Francis Townsend,
• and Huey Long?
• Critics of Roosevelt who appealed to the poor
• Charles Coughlin - guaranteed income and
  nationalization of banks
• Dr. Francis Townsend-pension plan for elderly
• Huey Long - Share-Our-Wealth-limit fortunes,
  5000
• homestead to every American, income of 2500,
  and free
• college education

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The Second New Deal Takes Hold

• What was the Second New Deal?
• Second wave of activity
• President called on Congress to provide more
• extensive relief for both farmers and workers
• Urged by First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt

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• What was significant about the election results
• of 1936?
• FDR reelected
• Democrats won large majorities in both houses
• First time most African Americans voted Democrat
• not Republican
• First time labor unions gave united support to a
• presidential candidate

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• Which Second New Deal legislation helped farmers?
• Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
• -paid farmers for cutting production
• -rewarded farmers for practicing good soil
  conservation
• methods
• Agricultural Adjustment Act
• -brought back many features of the first AAA
• How did the government help sharecroppers and
• migrant workers?
• Resettlement Administration-monetary loans for
  small farmers
• Replaced by the Farm Security Administration
  (FSA)
• -loaned money to tenant farmers to become
  landowners
• -established camps for migrant workers

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• Who was Dorothea Lange?
• Photographer hired by the FSA
• Photographed rural towns, farms and workers
• Migrant Mother symbol of the Great Depression

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• What was the Works Progress Administration?
• Works Progress Administration (WPA)
• Created jobs
• Built airports, roads, public buildings
• Employed professionals who wrote guides to
  cities,
• collected historical slave narratives, painted
  murals

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The WPA Dollar
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WPA The Federal Arts Project
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Kansas Cityfrom Politics, Farming, the
Law Thomas Hart Benton,1936
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Artists of the WPA
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The Annual Moveby Otis Dozier, 1936
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Construction of the Damby William Gropper
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Women of Flint, MIby Joseph Varak
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WPA The Federal Music Project
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WPA The Federal Theater Project
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The Cradle Will Rock, 1937
The theater, when its good, is always dangerous!
Orson Welles John Houseman
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WPA The Federal Writers Project
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WPA Bookbinding
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The Federal Writers Project WPA Travel Guides
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The American Guide Series
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The Federal Writers Project Oral Histories
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Former Slave Interviews
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• What was the National Youth Administration?
• National Youth Administration (NYA)
• Provide education, jobs, and recreation for young
  people
• How did the New Deal help labor?
• National Labor Relations Act-Wagner Act
• -unions and collective bargaining
• -prohibited unfair labor practices
• -National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)-hear
• testimony about unfair practices
• National Fair Labor Standards Act (Wagner Act)
• -maximum work hours
• -minimum wage
• -rules for employment of workers under 16
• -banned hazardous work for those under 18

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• What benefits did the Social Security system
  provide?
• Old-age insurance for retirees 65 or older and
  their spouses
• Unemployment compensation system
• Aid to families with dependent children and the
  disabled
• How did the Second New Deal promote rural
• electrification?
• Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
• -financed and worked with electrical
  cooperatives
• to bring electricity to rural areas
• Public Utility Holding Company Act
• -outlawed ownership of utilities by multiple
  holding
• companies

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• How did the New Deal create opportunity for
  women?
• Frances Perkins - first female cabinet member
• Two female diplomats
• Female federal judge

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• How were women treated in the workplace?
• Lower wage codes for women
• Federal work programs hired fewer women than men
• Civil Conservation Corps (CCC) hired only men
• Gallop poll 1936-82 of Americans said that a
  wife
• should not work if her husband had a job

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• Who was Mary McLeod Bethune?
• African American female educator
• Hired by Roosevelt to head the Division of Negro
• Affairs of the NYA
• Helped organize the Black Cabinet of
  influential
• African Americans to advise Roosevelt

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• How did Eleanor Roosevelt influence racial
• politics during the Roosevelt administration?
• Key role in placing African Americans in the
  highest
• levels of government
• Arranged for African American singer Anderson to
• perform at the Lincoln Memorial
• Why didnt Roosevelt support full civil rights
• for African Americans?
• Did not want to upset white Democratic voters in
  the South
• Refused to approve anti-lynching laws and end
  poll taxes
• New Deal agencies discriminated against African
  Americans

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• How were Mexican Americans treated
• under the New Deal?
• Some were helped but many were disqualified
• from federal programs due to a lack of a
• permanent address
• Many deported to Mexico

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• How did the New Deal policies affect Native
  Americans?
• Indian Reorganization Act-created by John
  Collier,
• commissioner of Indian affairs
• Moved away from assimilation and toward autonomy
• Mandated change in three areas
• -economic
• -cultural
• -political

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• What were the key components of the New Deal
  coalition?
• Diverse groups dedicated to the Democratic party
• Included Southern whites, various urban groups,
• African Americans, and unionized industrial
  workers
• Democrats dominated politics throughout the 1930s
  and 1940s
• Cohesive element in the Democratic party until
  the late 1960s

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• Why were urban voters likely to support FDR?
• Democratic party support grew in large cities
• New deal labor laws and work-relief programs
  which
• aided the urban poor
• Appointed officials of urban-immigrant
  backgrounds
• to important government positions

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Culture in the 1930s

• Why were movies popular during the depression?
• Escape from harsh reality
• Gone With the Wind
• Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
• The Wizard of Oz
• Monkey Business-Marx Brothers
• Mr. Smith Goes
• to Washington

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• What role did radio play in American homes
• during the Depression?
• Immediate news coverage
• Fireside Chats
• Entertainment
• What were the Federal Art Project and
• Federal Theater Project?
• Branches of the WPA
• Paid artists to produce public art
• Hired actors to perform plays

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• Who was Woody Guthrie?
• Folk singer who traveled the
• roads and rails in the 1930s
• This Land is Your Land
• Who were successful
• American writers of
• the Depression-era?
• Richard Wright-Native Son
• Zora Neale Hurston-Their Eyes Were
• Watching God
• John Steinbeck-Grapes of Wrath
• Thorton Wilder-Our Town

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The Impact of the New Deal

• How is the New Deal viewed today?
• Made federal government too large and gave it too
  much power
• Helped the country recover from economic crisis
• What are the legacies of the New Deal?
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
• National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
• National Fair Labors Standard Act (Wagner Act)
• Social Security
• What was unique about the New Deals social
  policies?
• Federal government assumed some responsibility
• for the social welfare of its citizens

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• What did the New Deal do for the environment?
• Civil Conservation Corps
• -planted trees, created hiking trails, watch
  towers for fires
• The Soil Conservation Service
• -taught farmers how to conserve soil
• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
• -water power to generate electricity and prevent
  floods
• National park system and wildlife refugees
• Government sponsored stripmining and coal burning
  
• caused pollution

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