UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide

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UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide

• Putting the Formatting Style Pieces Together

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APA Overview

• Why?
• Edition
• Common Mistakes
• APA Relation with UWF Thesis and Dissertation
  Guide

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UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide
Abbreviations
(APA, 6th ed. pp. 106-111)

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Abbreviations/Acronyms

• Identify acronyms with first usage, and then use
  acronym consistently throughout dissertation
  (consult your committee chairsome want acronyms
  identified with first use in each chapter).
• Incorrect
• The results of the studies of simple reaction
  time (RT) to a visual target have shown a strong
  negative relation between reaction time and
  luminance.
• Correct
• The results of the studies of simple reaction
  time (RT) to a visual target have shown a strong
  negative relation between RT and luminance.

(APA, 6th ed. pp. 106-111)
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Numbers and Symbols
UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide

• Numbers (APA, 6th ed., pp.111-114)
• Percents (APA, 6th ed., p. 118)

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4.31 Numbers Expressed in Numerals

• Numbers that represent
• time, dates, ages, scores and points on a scale,
  exact sums of money, and numerals as numerals
• Exceptions
• Use words for approximations of numbers of days,
  months, and years
• About two years ago

(APA, 6th ed., pp. 111-112)
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4.31 Numbers Expressed in Numerals

• Numbers that denote
• a specific place in a numbered series
• parts of books and tables
• each number in a list of four or more numbers

(APA, 6th ed., pp. 111-112)
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4.34 Ordinal Numbers

• Treat ordinal numbers as you would cardinal
  numbers
• Ordinal
• Second-order factor
• The first and fifth items
• The last measure of the 80th trial

(APA, 6th ed., p. 113)
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4.32 Numbers expressed as words

• Begins a sentence, title, or text heading
• Common fractions
• Two-thirds majority
• Universally accepted usage
• The Twelve Apostles
• Five Pillars of Islam

(APA, 6th ed., p. 112)
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Percents

• Use the symbol for percent only when it is
  preceded by a numeral
• Use the word percentage when a number is not
  given
• Exceptions
• Table headings and figures

(APA, 6th ed., p. 118)
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Secondary Sources
UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide
(APA 6th ed., p. 178, 6.17)
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6.17 Secondary Sources

• Incorrect
• Seidenberg and McClellands study (1989)
  indicates that . . . (Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins,
  Haller, 1993).
• Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, and Haller (1993)
  quote Seidenberg and McClellands study (1989). .
  .
• Correct
• Seidenberg and McClellands study (as cited in
  Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, Haller, 1993) . . .
• List only the Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins,
  Haller, 1993 reference (the secondary source) in
  the reference pages.

(APA 6th ed., p. 178, 6.17)
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et al.
UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide
(APA 6th ed., pp. 175-177, 198)
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et al.

• Latin abbreviation
• et al.
• Comma and et al.
• Parenthetical reference
• Follow author when there are multiple authors
  preceding et al. (6.12)

(APA 6th ed., p. 175)
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et al.

• Works of 3-5 authors
• List all with first use
• Use et al. with all usages afterward
• Throughout entire document (view as one document)
• See Table 6.1, p. 177

(APA 6th ed., p. 177)
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et al.

• Works of 6 authors
• Use et al. each time even with first use
• Throughout entire document (view as one document)
• See Table 6.1, p. 177
• Reference Pages
• Up to 7 authors list all
• 7 list first 6, followed by . . . Last author
  only (2 on p. 198)

(APA 6th ed., p. 177, 198)
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Seriation
UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide
(APA 6th ed., pp. 63-65)
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Seriation

• Within a paragraph or sentence, identify elements
  in a series by lowercase letters (not italicized)
  in parentheses
• The participants three choices were (a) working
  with another participant, (b) working with a
  team, and (c) working alone.

(APA 6th ed., pp. 63-65)
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Seriation

• Separate paragraphs in a series, such as itemized
  conclusions or steps in a procedure, are
  identified by an Arabic numeral followed by a
  period but not enclosed in or followed by
  parentheses
• Using the learned helplessness theory, we
  predicted that the depressed and nondepressed
  participants would make the following judgments
  of control
• 1. Individuals who . . .
• 2. Nondepressed persons exposed to . . .
• 3. Depressed persons exposed to . . .
• 4. Depressed and nondepressed participants in
  the no-noise groups . . .

(APA 6th ed., pp. 63-65)
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Seriation

• Notice that with numerical lists, the text is
  aligned under the text, not under the numbers.
  Make sure that the numbers are aligned on the
  decimal (youll notice a problem when you go from
  9 to 10 since MS Word does not align on the
  decimal when you go from one digit to two digit
  numbers).
• Bulleted lists are acceptable in the 6th edition
  of the APA manual .
• Refer to pp. 64-65 for rules regarding bulleted
  lists.

(APA 6th ed., pp. 63-65)
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Back to Back Parentheses
UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide
(APA 6th ed., p. 94)
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Back to Back Parentheses

• Incorrect
• (e.g., defensive pessimism) (Norem Cantor,
  1986)
• Correct
• (e.g., defensive pessimism Norem Cantor,
  1986)

(APA 6th ed., p. 94)
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Ellipsis Points
UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide
(APA 6th ed., pp. 172-173)
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Ellipsis Points

• Use 3 spaced ellipsis points within a sentence to
  indicate that you have omitted material from the
  original source.
• Correct
• Anchor text . . . text continues . . . text
  continues
• Incorrect
• text continuestext continues

(APA 6th ed., pp. 172-173)
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Ellipsis Points

• Use 4 points to indicate omission between
  sentences
• Correct
• Anchor text beginning text . . . . next
  sentence.
• Incorrect
• Beginning text.next sentence.

(APA 6th ed., pp. 172-173)
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Quotations
UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide
(APA 6th ed., pp. 170-179)
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Floating Quotations

• Floating quotes or dropped quotes
• Incorrect
• The placebo effect . . . disappeared when
  behaviors were studied in this manner (Miele,
  1993, p. 276).
• Correct
• She stated, The placebo effect . . .
  disappeared when behaviors were studied in this
  manner (Miele, 1993, p. 276).

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Block Quotes

• A direct quote that contains 40 or more words are
  placed in a block quote (omit the quotation marks
  in a block quote).
• See last example in 6.03 on pg. 171 of 6th ed.

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Tables
UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide
(APA 6th ed., pp. 128-150)
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Common Problems

• Aligning decimal places
• Matching Table Title to text and List of Tables
• Title Case
• Spacing
• Single spacing allowed, but consider readability
• Dont single space just to condense size of table
• Table Titles Italicized at top of table
• Continued Tables (continued) at bottom and top
  of next page (italicized) Headings are repeated
  on continued pages

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Common Problems

• Table Notes
• Bottom of table
• Word Note is italicized and followed by a .
• Acronyms are identified
• Sequence number of according to need

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Figures
UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide
(APA 6th ed., pp. 150-167)
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Common Problems

• Picture
• Title (Caption) is at bottom of Figure
• Figure and Number italicized and followed by .
• Figure 1.
• Caption sentence case. Full caption must be in
  list of figures.

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Heading/Subheading Levels for Theses (APA 6th)
UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide
Putting the Formatting Style Pieces Together
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3.03 APA Levels of Heading
1. Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
2. Flush Left, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
3. Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.
4. Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.
5. Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.
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APA and TDG

• Referencing tables and figures/ placement of
  tables and figures
• Incorporate tables or figures directly after the
  paragraph containing the initial reference
• Do not use sentences such as
• Table 5 illustrates the responses of the two
  sets of sixth-grade students.
• Instead use
• The responses of the two sets of sixth-grade
  students varied little (Table 5).

(UWF TD Guide, Illustrative Materials)
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UWF Graduate School APA Thesis Guide
Questions or Concerns

• Putting the Formatting Style Pieces Together