Red at Night Sailors Delight

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Red at Night Sailors Delight

• Wind, Oceans, and Weather

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TAKS Objective 5 The student will demonstrate
an understanding of Earth and Space systems.

• Complex interactions occur between matter and
  energy.

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TEKS 8.10

• The student knows that complex interaction occur
  between matter and energy. The student is
  expected to
• Describe interactions among solar, weather and
  ocean systems.

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Lesson Objectives

• The student can explain how wind cycles between
  the ocean and the land.
• The student describes how air currents flow due
  the differences in temperature and air pressure.
• The student can describe how radiant energy from
  the Sun affects weather and climate on Earth.

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True or False

• The seasons are caused by the distance the Earth
  is from the Sun.

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False

• Seasons are due to the tilt of the Earth and
  differential heating of the earths surface.

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True or False?

• The Earth is warmed by heat
• from the Sun.

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False

• Heat is energy of moving particles. Between the
  Sun and the Earth there is nothing to carry heat
  energy. Warming occurs when radiation or light
  from the Sun is absorbed by the Earth and its
  atmosphere and is then changed into heat energy.

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Prior Knowledge

• Students should understand the concept of a
  system. (TEKS 6.5 and 7.5) Students should
  understand that energy can be transformed from
  one type to another. (TEKS 6.9 and 7.8) Students
  should know the components of the Solar system.
  (TEKS 6.13 and 7.13) They should be able to
  identify the components in the Earth-system that
  are responsible for weather changes. (TEKS 8.14)

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• Seasons occur because of the earths tilt. The
  suns rays make a direct hit at the equator and
  strike glancing blows at the poles.

http//www.uwm.edu/Course/416-120/Chapter02/fg02_0
12.jpg
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The uneven distribution of heat drives the
atmosphere and ocean to distribute the heat
toward the poles to even things out.
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• Before sunlight reaches the earth it has to pass
  through the atmosphere. Although there are
  several layers The troposphere is where weather
  occurs and where climate is determined.

http//www-class.unl.edu/geol101i/15a_climate.htm
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• Solar radiation passes through the atmosphere and
  heats up the land and water. It really heats up
  the land. Solar radiation is reflected by into
  space by white clouds, glaciers, and snow. Dust
  (natural and manufactured) and volcanic ash also
  prevent sunlight from reaching the Earth.

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• The air around the equator is heated the most. It
  starts raising up through the troposphere. When
  it hits the top of the troposphere it moves
  laterally (north and south).

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• Where the air is warmed, it lifts the atmosphere
  upward releasing pressure. This is a low pressure
  zone. When air is cooled, the water vapor
  condenses to form clouds.

http//www-class.unl.edu/geol101i/15a_climate.htm
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• Where cool air sinks, it presses the atmosphere
  onto the earths surface and creates a high
  pressure zone. Warmed air holds more water (water
  evaporates). Warm air pulls moisture out of the
  air.

http//www-class.unl.edu/geol101i/15a_climate.htm
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Based on this information, can you explain the
climate shown below?
http//www-class.unl.edu/geol101i/15a_climate.htm
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The winds move in a straight line, but because
the Earth rotates underneath them, it causes a
deflection of the wind. This deflection is always
to the left in the southern hemisphere and always
to the right in the northern hemisphere. This is
called the Coriolis Effect.http//www.classzone.c
om/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations
/es1904/es1904page01.cfm?chapter_novisualization
http//www3.interscience.wiley.com8100/legacy/co
llege/strahler/0471238007/animations/ch07_animatio
ns/animation1.html
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• Winds also push ocean surface currents around the
  Earth dramatically affecting the temperature of
  land adjacent to the ocean.

http//www-class.unl.edu/geol101i/15a_climate.htm
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Sea Breezes
http//virtualskies.arc.nasa.gov/weather/tutorial/
tutorial3.html
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Mountain and Valley Wind
http//virtualskies.arc.nasa.gov/weather/tutorial/
tutorial3.html
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Elements of Weather and Climate

• Air temperature
• Humidity of the air
• Type and amount of clouds
• Type and amount of precipitation
• Air pressure
• Wind speed and direction

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Difference between Climate and Weather

• Weather is current atmospheric conditions at a
  certain place (e.g., temperature, rainfall, wind,
  humidity)
• Climate is the general weather conditions over
  long periods of time. It is the average weather
  for a certain area.

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?ENGAGE

• Show the land and sea breeze animation.
• http//www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/
  content/visualizations/es1903/es1903page01.cfm?cha
  pter_novisualization
• OR
• Show the Doldrums clip from the Weather Video

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?EXPLORE

• Examine temperature differences of land and
  water. Complete the Wind and Water Activity.

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?EXPLAIN

• How is the earth warmed?
• What is the role of the specific heat of water
  and land in weather and climate?
• What is the role of ocean circulation with regard
  to climate and weather?

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?ELABORATE

• Create Geoblox of the day and night sea breeze
  and the ocean wave.

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?EVALUATE

• Create a 2-line labeled drawing of the land and
  sea breeze. Include an explanation about how
  differential heating of the land and water
  creates air flow and the role of heat and
  pressure in creating the movement of the wind.

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?ENGAGE

• Show the wind animation
• http//www.school-portal.co.uk/GroupDownloadFile.a
  sp?File39949

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?EXPLORE

• Examine the effects of differential temperature
  on air pressure. Complete the Blowing Smoke
  Activity.

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?EXPLAIN

• 1. Explain how air temperature and pressure
  create air movement.
• 2. Explain how wind moves through the
  atmosphere.
• http//www3.interscience.wiley.com8100/legacy/col
  lege/strahler/0471238007/animations/ch07_animation
  s/animation3.html

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?ELABORATE

• Create a model showing how wind circulates on the
  earth.

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?EVALUATE

• Label the Hadley cell, ferrel cell, and polar
  cell on the diagram. Label the approximate
  location of jet streams on the diagram. Indicate
  areas of high and low pressure between the cells.

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• Special Thanks for the spinning globe animation
  available from
• http//www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/globalimages.ht
  ml