? - ???? ???? ???????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? :

1
???????? ??????? 7/11/1430

• ????? ???? ??????
• ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???
  ??? ??????? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??
  ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? .
• ????? ???? ??????
• ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?
  ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????
  ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????
  ??????? ??????

2

• ? - ???? ???? ???????? ? ?? ?????? ??????
• 1- ???????? ???????
• ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ???? ??
  ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ?? ????
  ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?
  ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????
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  ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ????
  ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????
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  ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? . ????? ????
  ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? .
• 2- ???????? ????????
• ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??
  ???? ????? ? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????
  ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????
  (????) ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????
  ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? .

3

• ? - ???? ???? ???????
• ????? - ??????? ????????
• 1 - ???????? ??? ??????????
• ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????
  ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????
  ?????? ??????? ???????? (???????) ?? ????? ?
  ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????
  ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????
  ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??
  ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????
  ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???
  ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????
  ??????? . ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??
  ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??
  ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ????
  ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????
  (????????) ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????
  ??????? ? ( ???? ) ??????? .
• ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????
  ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????
  ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????.

4

• 2 - ?????????
• ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??
  ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?
  ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????
  ????? ????? ????? . ??? ????????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
  ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??
  ?????? . ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????
  ?? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
  ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ???
  ?????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????
  ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ??
  ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????
  ?? ?????? ??????? .

5

• ?????? ??????? ????????? ( ?????????? )
• ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?
  ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? . ???? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????
  ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????
  ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
  ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????
  ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? . ???
  ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????
  ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? .
• ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??
  ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???
  ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????
  ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? . ??? ???????
  ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ???
  ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????

6

• ? - ???? ???? ???????
• ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????
  ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????
  ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??
  ????????? ???????.
• 1- ??????? ????????
• ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????
  ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???
  ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? (??????) ?????
  ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? . ??? ?????
  ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ? ???
  ??????? ??????? (???????) ??? ???????? ???
  ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???????
  ??? ?? ???? .
• 2- ??????? .
• ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ???? ?????
  ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???
  ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????
  ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ??? ??????
  ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????
  ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????
  ??? ??????? .

7

• ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
• ??? ?????? ??? ??????? Parasite Effect of
  Parasitism on the
• ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???
  ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??
  ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???
  ???????? ?? ???
• 1- ?????? ??????? Changes Morphological
• ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????
• ? - ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????
  ????? ????? ?????? ????? (?????????) ?? ??????
  ????? ( ???????? ) ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????
  ????? ????? (????????) .
• ? - ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????
  ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? .
• ? - ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
  ????? ???? ????? ???? .
• ? - ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????
  ??????? ????????? ??????? .
• 2- ?????? ?????? Physiological changes
• ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????
  ???????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??
  ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???
  ?????? Glucose ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????
  ??????? ??????? ?? ? ????? ???? ??????? ???
  ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? . ????
  ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????
  ???? ??? .
• 3 - ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??
  ????????
• ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????
  ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????
  .

8

• ??? ?????? ??? ??????
• host Effect of Parasitism on the
• ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????
  ????? ??? ????? ????? ????
• 1- ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????
• ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????
  ???? ? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??
  ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????
  ??? ???? ?????? .
• 2- ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?????
• ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??
  ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????
  ????? ??? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ??
  ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? .
• 3- ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????
• ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????????
  ???????? ????????? .

9

• 4- ?????? ?????? ?? ??????
• ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????
  .
• 5- ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????
• ???? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???
  ???????? ???????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
  ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??
  ???? ?????.
• 6- ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????
• ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????
  ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????
  ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????
  ????? ????????? ???? ????? .

10

• ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????
  ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????
  ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???
  ???? ??? ? ???? ?????????? ??????? Pathogenic
  parasites ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
  ????? Symptoims ??? ??? ????? ??????
• ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????
  ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????
  ???????? Immunity ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????
  ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??
  ?????? .
• ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ?????? carrier ????? ???? ?????
  ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????
  ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????
  ??? ??????? " ?????? " relapse ??? ???? ??
  ???? ??????? ( ???????? ) .

11

• ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????
• 1- ??????? ??????? ???????
• ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ( ???????
  ???????? ???????? ) .
• 2- ????? ???????
• ??? ????? ?????? ( ??????????? ??????????
  ???????? ) ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????????
  ???????? ???????? .
• 3- ????? ???????
• ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????
  ?????????? ??????????? .
• 4- ?????? ???????
• ?????? ?????? ????? ( ???????? ) .
• 5- ????? ??? ???????
• ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? .
• 6- ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????
• ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? .
• 7- ????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????????
  ????? ????? ??? ???????? .

12

• ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? Epidemiology or
  Spread of Parasites
• ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????
  ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???
  ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????
  ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????
  ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????
  ???? ??????? ???????? .
• ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????
  ?????? ????????
• ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??
  ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???
• ? - ????? ???? ???????
• 1- ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????
  Pre-patent period ( P.P.P. )
• ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???
  ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ??
  ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????
  ???????? ?????? .
• 2- ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? Patent Period
  ( P.P.)
• ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????
  ?????? ??????? ??????? .

13

• ? - ????? ???? ??????
• ???? ??????? Inicubation Period
• ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????
  ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???
  ??????? .
• ???? ???? ??????? Period of Symptoms
• ???? ??????? Period of Convalesence
• ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??
  ??????? ???? ??????? .
• ???? ?????? Period of relapse
• ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???
  ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ( ???????? ) .

14

• ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????
• ?????? Infection
• ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?
  ????? ? ??????.
• ???????? Infestation
• ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????
  ???????? .
• ?????? ?????? ( ??? ?????? ) Super-
  Parasitism
• ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??
  ????? ?????? ?? ????? .
• ?????? ??? ?????? Super infection
• ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? .
• ?????? ???????? Re-Infection
• ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????
  ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???.
• ?????? ??????? Auto infection
• ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??
  ( ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ) .

15

• ???????? ( ??????? ?????? ) Pathology
• ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????
  ???????? ????? ??? ????????? .
• ?????????? Pathogenesis
• ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ( ?????? ? ???? ?????
  ??? )
• ???????? ???????? Clinical Pathology
• ?? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????
  ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????
  ?????? .

16

• ????? ????????? ???????? ???????
• Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasites and Parasitic
  Diseases
• 1- ??????? ??????? Direct Diagnosis
• ? - ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? Microscopic
  examination
• ????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????
  Macroscopic and.
• ? - ????? ????????? Cultivation of
  Parasites
• ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????
  ??????? ?????????.
• ? - ??????? ??????? Xenodiagnosis
• ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????
  ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? . ???? ??? ???????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????
  Trypanosomes ?? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????????
  ??????? ??????? .
• .

17

• 2- ??????? ??? ??????? Indirect Diagnosis
• ? - ??????? ??????
• ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????
  Eosinophilia ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????
  ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????
• ? - ????????? ???????
• ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????
  ??????? ????? ??????? ???
• ???????? ( ??? ?????? ?????? Surface tension
  ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ( Precipitation ) .
• ???????? ( ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????
  ?????? ) .
• ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????
  Agglutinins ?? ???????? Precipitins ?? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ??????? Complement Fixation Test
  .
• ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ( ??? ?? ?????
  ??????) .
• ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??
  ??????? ??????? ????????? .

18

• ?????? ??????? ???????? Treatment of Parasitic
  Diseases
• 1- ???????? ??????? Symptematic treatment
• ?????? ?????? ( ?? ??????? ) ?? ??????? .
• 2- ???????? ?????? Medicated treatment
• ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???
  ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????
  ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??
  ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? .
• 3- ???????? ???????? Surgical treatment
• ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????
  ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??
  ?????? ??????? .

19

• ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? Protection
  control of Parasitic Diseases
• ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????
  ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? (????) ??????
  ???????? ??? ?????? . ???????? ?? ???????
  ???????? ??????
• ? - ???????? ???????? Defensive Control
• ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????
  ?????
• 1 ????? ??? ?????? ??????
• ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? General hygienic
  methods ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? Public Health
  education ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? .
• 2- ????? ??????? ???????? Protection of
  parasitic infection
• ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????
  ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???
  ????? ???????? ???? .
• ? - ???????? ???????? Attacking control
  methods
• ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????
  ???????? ????? ?????
• 1 - ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??
  ?????? ???????? .
• 2 - ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????
  ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????
  ?????? ????? .

20

• ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? Scientific
  Nomenclature of Parasites
• ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? 1898
  ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????
  ???? ????? ??????? ??????? . ?????? ?????????
  ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????
  Genus ???? ????? Species ?? ???? ???? ??? ???
  ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???
  ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? .
• ????
• Entamoeba histoloytica Linneaus , 1758
• Capillaria obsignata Madsen , 1954
• Fasciola gigantic Cobbold , 1885
• ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????
  ???? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????
  ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????
  ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ( ase, asis . ose
  , osis ) ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???
  ??????????? Leishmaniasis ?? ??? ??????
  Dracanculosis .

21

• ????? ??????? ????????? Classification of
  Animal Kingdom ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???
  ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???
  ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ? ???
  ???? ???? ( ??? ???? ) ? (??? ????? ) ? ( ???
  ???? ) ? ( ??? ????? ) ? ( ??? ??? ) ? ( ??? ???
  ) ?????? ????? .
• ???? ( ????? )
  Phylum
• ?????
  Class
• ????
  Order
• ?????
  Family
• ??? Genus
• ??? Species
• ????? Strain
• ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????
  ???????? ????????.

22

• ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????Classification
  of Parasites in Animal Kingdom
• ???? ????????? ????? ??????
• ????? ???? ???????? Phylum Protozoa
• ???? ???? ????? ( ?? ???? )
• ????? ???????? Class Sarcodine
• ????? ???????? Class Flagellata
• ????? ???????? Class Sporozoa
• ????? ???????? Class Ciliata
• ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? Phylum Plat
  helminthes
• Class Turbellaria ( Free Living ).
• Class Trematoda ( Parasitic ) .
• Sub class or order aspodobthrea ( Aspidogstrea )
  .
• Sub class or order Monogenea.
• Sub class or order Digenea.
• Class Cestoidea .

23

• ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? Phylum
  Nemathelmenthes
• Class Nematoda
• Sub class Phasmida.
• Sub class Aphasmida
• ?????? ???? ?????? ????? Phylum Acantho cephala
  
• ?????? ???? ????????? Phulum Arthrepoda
• Class crnstacea
• Class Insecta
• Class Myriapoda
• Class Arachnda

24

• ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????
• 1 - ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? .
• Veterinary Protozology .
• 2 - ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? .
• Veterinary Helminthology .
• 3 - ????? ??????? ???????? ????????.
• Veterinary Entomology .

25

????