Coral Reef Ecology ????? ??? ?????? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Coral Reef Ecology ????? ??? ??????

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Title: Coral Reef Ecology ????? ??? ??????


1
Coral Reef Ecology????? ??? ??????
  • ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????????
    ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? (??????? ?
    ?????? ??????? ?????) ?? ????? ?????, ??? ???????
    ????? ??? ??????? ??? (???? ?????, ????? ?
    ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????).
  • ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????
    ??? ????? ?? ????? .
  • ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????
    ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????, ???
    ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????
    ????? ????? ???????? Zooxamthella ?????????
    ????????? ??? ????? ????? (????????? ? ???????
    ??????? ????? ??? ....) ??????? ???? ?? ?????
    ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??????
    ????????? .
  • ???? Ecology ????? ?? ??? ?????? "Oikes" (?????
    ?????) ? Logos (???) ? ??? ????? ? ?????? ???
    ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????
    ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??.

2
??? ??????
  • ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????
    ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??
    ???? ?????? ????????? Biological Spectrum ????
    ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??
    ????? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??
    ?????? ???? ????? ??? ...
  • ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????, ????????
    ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????
    ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????????.
  • ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????
    ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????
    ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????
    ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????
    ??????.

?????? ???
????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????
Systems Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Molecules
Organisms
?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????
Population Communities Ecosystems Ecosphere
3
??? ??????
  • ???????? Populations
  • ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???
    ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????.
    ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????
    ?????? ????? ????? ???????????? (???? ????????
    ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????
    ????????).
  • ??????? Community
  • ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????
    ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????
    ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????
    ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ??
    ?????.
  • ?????? ?????? Ecosystem
  • ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????
    ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???
    ????? ?????? ????? Biosphere.
  • ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????
    ??????-
  • 1- ??? ?????? ?????? Autecology
  • ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???
    ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ??????. ????? ??? ??
    ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ??
    ?????????.

4
??? ??????
  • 2- ??? ?????? ??????? Synecology
  • ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????
    ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ??
    ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????
    ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????.
    ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???
    ???? ?????? ????????? ???....
  • ?????? ?????? ??????
  • ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???
    ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????
    ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????
    ?????.
  • ???????? ????? ???
  • ?????? ????????? ??? N2 , O2 , C ????????? P
    ??????
  • ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?
    ??????????? ???????? ???????.
  • ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????
    ???????
  • ???????? ?????
  • ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????
    ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????
    ?????? ???

5
??? ??????
  • ?) ???????? Producers
  • 1- ????? ??? Co2 , H2O ? ?????? ?????? ?????
    ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???.
  • 2- ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????
    ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? (?????????) ??
    ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????
    ????????? ????? ??????? Autotrophs ???? ????
    ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????????
    ????????? ??????? ??????? (????? ???????), ????
    ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? Photosynthetic
    Bacteria ?? ??????? ????????? Chemosynthetic
    Bacteria ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????
    ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???
    ?????. ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????
    NO3 Nitrate ?? ??? ?????? NO2 Nitrite

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