Disease management in organic grape production

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Disease management in organic grape production
Annemiek Schilder Michigan State
University East Lansing, Michigan
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"Organic agriculture is an ecological production
management system that promotes and enhances
biodiversity, biological cycles and soil
biological activity. It is based on minimal use
of off-farm inputs and on management practices
that restore, maintain and enhance ecological
harmony." Organic Trade Association
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"Organic food is produced according to certain
legally regulated standards. For crops, it means
they are grown without the use of conventional
(synthetic) pesticides, artificial fertilizers or
sewage sludges. Also, at all levels, organic food
is produced without the use of genetically
modified organisms."
Wikipedia
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• Regulations for crop production and
• handling provided by the USDA
• National Organic Program
• Farms must be certified by accredited certifying
  
• agent based on farm plan and on-site inspection
• 3-year transition period before food can be
  labeled
• as organic
• Exempt from certification if sales lt 5,000/year

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List of products approved for use in organic crop
production Organic Materials Review
Institute http//www.omri.org
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Important grape diseases in the Midwest


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Non-chemical disease management options


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(No Transcript)
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Organic fungicide options for grapes
1) Copper, sulfur, lime sulfur (not all
formulations) 2) Potassium bicarbonate salts
(Armicarb, Kaligreen, Milstop) 3) JMS Stylet
Oil (paraffinic oil) 4) GantecGold (neem oil)
5) Sporan (thyme oil, rosemary oil, clove oil)
6) Serenade (Bacillus subtilis biocontrol
agent) 7) Sonata (Bacillus pumilis
biocontrol agent) 8) OxiDate (hydrogen
peroxide) 9) Regalia (giant knotweek extract)
10) Blightban (Pseudomonas fluorescens) All
of these are contact materials/protectants
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Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator)
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Powdery mildew severity
a
b
bc
Ampelomyces quisqualis
c
d
d
Vidal, 2000
Total leaf area infected
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Evaluation of organic fungicides for powdery
mildew control
20
15
Control
Armicarb
Leaf area affected
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Armicarb/Oil
Stylet oil
Nova
5
0
8/4/99
9/1/99
8/11/99
8/18/99
8/25/99
Foch, 1999, Suttons Bay
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Efficacy of organic fungicides for control of
powdery mildew in Niagara grapes, Fennville,
MI, 2009
a
ab
bc
Leaf area infected
c
c
cd
d
d
d
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Efficacy of organic fungicides for control of
powdery mildew in Niagara grapes, Fennville,
2009
a
All treatments NuFilm
Leaf area infected
b
b
bc
c
c
c
c
c
c
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Efficacy of different fungicide programs in
controlling powdery mildew on leaves of
Chancellor grapes, Fennville, 2008
a
b
Leaf area infected
b
c
c
3
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Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)
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Downy mildew severity
Vignoles, 2001
a
Leaf area diseased
b
c
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Downy mildew severity
Niagara, 2002
a
Leaf area diseased
b
c
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Efficacy of organic fungicides for control of
downy mildew in Niagara grapes, TNRC,
Fennville, 2008
a
b
b
bc
Leaf area infected
bc
bc
c
c
c
d
d
e
e
2
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Efficacy of different fungicide programs in
controlling downy mildew on leaves of
Chancellor grapes, TNRC, Fennville, 2008
a
b
b
Leaf area infected
c
c
3
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Efficacy of organic fungicides for control of
downy mildew in Niagara grapes, Fennville, 2009
a
b
bc
Leaf area infected
c
cd
d
d
d
e
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Efficacy of organic fungicides for control of
downy mildew in Niagara grapes, Fennville, 2009
a
Leaf area infected
b
bc
c
c
c
c
c
c
d
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Botrytis bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea)
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Botrytis bunch rot severity
a
ab
bc
bc
cd
cd
d
Vignoles, 2000
All berries infected
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Botrytis bunch rot severity
a
a
a
b
Aurore, 2001
All berries infected
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Black rot (Guignardia bidwellii)
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Black rot severity
a
b
b
b
Vidal, 2000
All berries infected with black rot
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Black rot severity
Concord, 2001
Berries with black rot symptoms
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Efficacy of organic fungicides for control of
black rot in Niagara grapes, TNRC, Fennville,
2008
a
abc
bcd
cde
cde
Berries infected
def
defg
defg
efgh
fghi
ghij
ghijk
hijk
hijk
k
1
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Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola)
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Phomopsis rachis lesion severity
a
b
b
c
c
Vidal, 2000
Total rachis area infected
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Phomopsis fruit rot severity
a
bc
c
cd
d
Vidal, 2000
All berries infected
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Efficacy of organic fungicides for control of
Phomopsis in Niagara grapes, TNRC, Fennville,
2009
a
Rachis infection
b
b
bc
bc
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
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Dormant sprays (copper, sulfur, lime sulfur) Not
all products OMRI-listed
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Effect of single dormant sprays on Phomopsis
a
Approximate product cost per acre
Vignoles, 2004
6
20
5
65
73
Rachis area infected
b
b
b
b
b
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Effect of OMRI-listed dormant sprays on Phomopsis
Niagara, 2006
a
Berries infected
b
c
c
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Effect of single dormant sprays on black rot
Niagara, 2004
a
a
ab
ab
Berries infected
b
b
c
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Effect of single dormant sprays on powdery mildew
a
Chardonnel, 2005
Number of berries infected
b
b
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Conclusions

?Disease control in organic vineyards is
possible, but there are fewer fungicide
options than in conventional production and
these are generally not as effective as the
best conventional fungicides therefore they
may need to be applied more often
?All products are protectants need to be applied
before infection and are susceptible to
wash-off by rain
?Promising products Serenade, Sonata, Stylet
Oil, Armicarb, Kaligreen
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Conclusions

?NuFilm (or similar sticker/extender) should be
used
?Organic growers need to rely more on site
selection, resistant cultivars, canopy
management to reduce humidity and increase
sunlight penetration, and pruning to remove
diseased plant parts
?Dormant sprays are a good option (before
budbreak) to reduce overwintering inoculum
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Conclusions

?A good resource for organic grape production
is ATTRA (www.atra.ncat.org)
?Other useful resources - Grape IPM Pocket
Scouting Guide - Midwest Small Fruit and Grape
Spray Guide - MSU Fruit Management Guide
(E-154) - MSU Grape website
www.grapes.msu.edu