Title: MPD 575 Design For Customization
1MPD 575Design For Customization
2Development History
- Developed by Cohort 2 team
- Matthew Holl
- Vinicius Jesus
- Tony Lockwood
- Steve Lutowsky
- Additional content by Tjuana BufordCohort 8,
November 2007
3Design for Customization
- Introduction to DFC
- Key Principles of DFC
- DFC Considerations
- DFC Process
- Heuristics
- Types of Customization
- Examples
- References
4Introduction to Customization
- Consumers that wish to distinguish themselves may
purchase accessories for various personal items
such as their personal computers, vehicles,
homes, etc. - The design of these items greatly affects the
users ability to customize them to their
preference.
5Introduction to Customization
- For example, vintage PCs required the user to
manually install software drivers and alter CMOS
settings when installing different hard drives,
video cards, etc. -
6Introduction to Customization
- This was very confusing for the common consumer,
and greatly limited any customization a consumer
would want to make to their computer. -
7Introduction to Customization
- The principles, heuristics and process outlined
in this lecture will illustrate how a product
such as a PC can be designed for easier
customization by the common consumer. -
8Introduction to Customization
- Benefits
- Customers will find a product more attractive if
customizable. - Accessories may be sold separately to increase
sales. - On average, customer satisfaction will increase.
9Introduction to Customization
- Stakeholders
- OEM degree of customization influences sales
and customer satisfaction. - Manufacturing/Assembly Plants will be affected
by the design of the product. - Supply Chain will need to inventory and
merchandise the product and accessories. - End user of the product will purchase or modify
the product.
10Introduction to Customization
- Stakeholders
- Aftermarket suppliers must design products that
are affordable, attractive, unique, and either
maintain or enhance performance of the product. - Dealers/Service Centers must provide repair
and/or maintenance service on the product.
11Design for Customization
- Introduction to DFC
- Key Principles of DFC
- DFC Considerations
- DFC Process
- Heuristics
- Types of Customization
- Examples
- References
12Principles
- Identification of opportunities
- Simplification of interfaces
- Adaptability
- Installation/Serviceability
- System robustness
13Principles
- DFC principles are directly related to the design
for serviceability (DFS) principles. - Also related to design for reuse and reusability.
14Identifying Potential Customization Opportunities
- There are trade-offs between customization, cost,
appearance, weight, performance, and durability. - Do not want to miss an opportunity for
customization or compromise a design that
customers will not customize.
15Identifying Potential Customization Opportunities
- Methods
- Perform market studies and interview focus groups
to understand how customers customize your
product and competitors products. - Research current aftermarket product offerings.
16Identifying Potential Customization Opportunities
- Methods contd
- Interview aftermarket suppliers to identify
constraints and opportunities for customization
and the supply chain.
17Simplification of Interfaces
- Simple and minimal interfaces between a component
or system and its mating components and systems
reduces the probability of compromising the
system. - Simplifies aftermarket development.
- Simplifies installation/modification process.
18Simplification of Interfaces
- Methods
- Effective partitioning of the system establish
system boundaries such that the number and
complexity of the interfaces is minimized. - Minimize subsystem interfaces design functional
chunks to reduce the number of interfaces.
19Simplification of Interfaces
- Methods contd
- Standardizing interfaces utilize commonly used
industry interfaces (i.e. use a com port computer
interface for a PalmPilot instead of inventing a
new interface).
20Adaptability
- Allows a system to be modified without
compromising or interfering with overall system
performance. - Minimizes the need for the system to be
reconfigured to accept the modification.
21Adaptability
- Methods
- Centralize system control one control system
for all the interfacing subsystems so that a
change in a subsystem can be detected and
accounted for (i.e. a computer typically has one
microprocessor).
22Adaptability
- Methods contd
- Implement the required system feedback to allow
the system to adapt to a modification
23Installation/Serviceability
- Customers want to easily personalize their
products. - Reducing labor times and the need for special
tools reduces cost and hassle to the customer.
24Installation/Serviceability
- Methods
- Reduce customization costs (labor, tools, parts)
- Reduce/eliminate potential for damage and injury
during user modification - Allow aftermarket access to system requirements
and specifications
25Robustness
- Customers do not want their product reliability
adversely affected following a modification. - System upgrades to ensure durability should not
be necessary following common customizations.
26Robustness
- Methods
- Include common customizations during system
target setting to minimize the negative effects
on the durability of the product. - Ensure design validation testing accounts for
these system targets.
27Design for Customization
- Introduction to DFC
- Key Principles of DFC
- DFC Considerations
- DFC Process
- Heuristics
- Types of Customization
- Examples
- References
28DFC Considerations
- System level interfaces and effects at what
level can a system be customized and not
adversely affect other systems? - System sensitivity to component specifications
requiring tight tolerances will increase
aftermarket costs, reducing customer
satisfaction.
29DFC Considerations
- Design to established aftermarket standards
otherwise, aftermarket will take a long time to
adapt to new technology. - Probability of customization how many customers
will actually perform a modification?
30DFC Considerations
- Labor time how involved is the modification
process? - Cost of customization an overly integral design
can increase the cost of aftermarket parts. - Safety will a common modification result in a
catastrophic system failure?
31DFC Considerations
- Damage potential for damaging nearby components
during the modification process. - Tools are special tools required for
customization?
32DFC Considerations
- Ease of customization is the customization
procedure reasonable (i.e. easily performed by a
customer)? - System robustness to customization will the
modification result in immediate or latent
system(s) failure?
33Design for Customization
- Introduction to DFC
- Key Principles of DFC
- DFC Considerations
- DFC Process
- Heuristics
- Types of Customization
- Examples
- References
34DFC Process
- Identify potential customization opportunities
- Determine customization strategy
- Include customization strategy in overall system
architecture boundaries for customization - Set design requirements and targets
- Define validation requirements
- Establishing warranty guidelines
35DFC Process
- Identifying potential customization opportunities
may be accomplished multiple ways - Customer surveys
- User focus groups
- Competitive analysis
- Aftermarket analysis
36DFC Process
- The architecting team then decides which
customizations will be accounted for in the
overall system architecture.
37DFC Process
- Setting design requirements/targets
- Customization must be considered during the
target setting phase of the product development
process. - Evaluate the effects of each customization on
each subsystem and the total system.
38DFC Process
- Setting design requirements/targets
- Perform trade-off analysis between customization,
cost, weight, packaging and performance. - The detail design and validation phases must then
ensure a system robust to customization.
39DFC Process
- Optimizing system adaptability
- Centralize system control and/or design an open
architecture. - Minimize a sub-systems dependence on the overall
systems performance.
40DFC Process
- Optimizing system adaptability
- These should be done when establishing the
overall system architecture in the system-level
design phase of the product development process
(PDP).
41DFC Process
- Standardizing interfaces
- During system-level design, partition the system
so that standard interfaces can be utilized. - Select/design the interfaces using industry
standards (if they exist). - Otherwise, utilize an open architecture that is
easily adaptable by the industry.
42DFC Process
- Establishing service guidelines
- To avoid confusion and apprehension at service
centers or dealerships, guidelines must be
established to decide when to cover failures
under warranty.
43DFC Process
- Establishing service guidelines contd
- In addition, the service centers should be
educated about the various forms of customization
performed by customers, and how they affect the
products performance.
44DFC Process
- Establishing service guidelines contd
- Include acceptable forms of customization in the
warranty section of the owners manual. - Provide dealership training.
45Design for Customization
- Introduction to DFC
- Key Principles of DFC
- DFC Considerations
- DFC Process
- Heuristics
- Types of Customization
- Examples
- References
46Heuristics
- Minimize interfaces on a customizable
component/system. - Avoid one-way only customization (can go back to
baseline if necessary). - Centralize system control to maximize system
adaptability.
47Heuristics
- Customization requirements must be included in
the target setting phase of the product
development process. - A modular architecture is more conducive to
customization than an integral architecture. - Minimize a sub-systems dependence on the overall
systems performance.
48Design for Customization
- Introduction to DFC
- Key Principles of DFC
- DFC Considerations
- DFC Process
- Heuristics
- Types of Customization
- Examples
- References
49Types of Customization
- Cosmetic
- Comfort
- Sound
- Scent
- Visual
- Safety
- Performance
50Types of Customization
- Cosmetic Customization
- Modifications that change or enhance a products
appearance to the users preference.
51Types of Customization
- Automotive example of Cosmetic Customization
automobile body kit
Before After
52Types of Customization
- Principles applied
- Installation/serviceability design for modular
and easily removable body panels. - System Robustness include risk of reduced air
flow in potential failure mode analysis during
system design.
53Types of Customization
- Automotive Example ofCosmetic Customization
Rear Spoiler
Before After
54Types of Customization
- Principles applied
- Identification of opportunities Opportunity to
provide a customer delight, while releasing real
estate within the plant - Installation/serviceability design for easy
installation outside of plant but still required
to pass vehicle operations inspection and
requirements
55Types of Customization
- Installation/serviceability Method - Reduce
customization costs (labor, tools, parts) - Workers in modification center are none union
workers - Trained specifically for the task of installing
the spoiler - The spoiler is installed after the van leaves the
plant, but before it arrives to dealership.
56Types of Customization
- Installation/serviceability Method - Reduce
customization costs (labor, tools, parts) Cont. - A simple, inexpensive gauge is used to check a
tolerance
Requirement Not Met
Met Requirement
57Types of Customization
- Non-automotive example of Cosmetic Customization
designer water faucet
Before After
58Types of Customization
- Principles applied
- Installation/serviceability design sink using
industry standard interface for water faucet. - Identification of opportunities market studies
should reveal which styling accommodates the
latest design trends to accommodate future
customization.
59Types of Customization
- Comfort Customization
- Tactile modifications that enhance customer touch
points. - Ergonomic modifications that reduce the stress
associated with using a product.
60Types of Customization
- Automotive example of Comfort Customization new
seats
Before After
61Types of Customization
- Principles Applied
- Installation/Serviceability design seat mount
interface to be easily accessible. - Simplification of Interfaces design interface to
use industry standard fasteners and connectors.
62Types of Customization
- Non-automotive example of Comfort Customization
ergonomic computer keyboard
Before After
63Types of Customization
- Principles Applied
- Simplification of Interfaces design keyboard-CPU
interface to industry standards - Adaptability CPU accepts input from different
brands and configurations of keyboards without
reconfiguration
64Types of Customization
- Sound Customization
- Includes auditory modifications that influence
(either enhance or hide) the sound or sound
quality of the product itself or some component
of the product.
65Types of Customization
- Automotive example of Sound Customization tuned
exhaust system
H-pipe with catalytic converters is separate from
mufflers.
Mufflers and exhaust tips are easily removable
for customization.
66Types of Customization
- Principles Applied
- Installation/Serviceability design the exhaust
system with easily removable mufflers and exhaust
tips. - Identification of Opportunities keep the
expensive and emissions-necessary catalytic
converters separate from these components to
facilitate future customization.
67Types of Customization
- Non-automotive example of Sound Customization
home stereo system
Each component may be replaced with a different
make/model
receiver
equalizer
amplifier
cassette deck
68Types of Customization
- Principles Applied
- Simplification of Interfaces design system with
replaceable components using industry standard
interfaces. - Identification of Opportunities keep packaging
consistent with competition and aftermarket.
69Types of Customization
- Scent Customization
- Includes scent modifications that influence
(either enhance or hide) the smell of the product
itself or some component of the product.
70Types of Customization
- Automotive example of Scent Customization
interior scent sprays
Foul odor detected
Interior scent spray in use
71Types of Customization
- Principles Applied
- Identification of Opportunities specify interior
materials that do not emit or absorb any
permanent scents to allow for future
customization. - System Robustness specify interior materials
that will not be damaged by interior scent
sprays.
72Types of Customization
- Principles Applied
- Identification of Opportunities specify
construction materials that do not emit or absorb
any permanent scents to allow for future
customization. - System Robustness specify construction materials
that will not be damaged by incense candles.
73Types of Customization
- Visual Customization
- Enhances, heightens, or improves the users visual
effect. - Allows the user to see, or be seen while using
the product, such as night vision (infrared,
thermal), brighter head lights, etc.
74Types of Customization
- Visual Customization Automotive example
replacing standard fog lamps with high
intensity driving lights.
Before After
75Types of Customization
- Principles applied
- Identification of opportunities - design front
fascia openings to accommodate popular
aftermarket brands. - Simplification of interfaces - use standard
mounting features for stock lights. - Installation/serviceability - provide extra long
wiring.
76Types of Customization
- Visual Customization
- Non-automotive example prescription eyewear that
allows sunglass lenses to be attached.
snaps or magnetic features for clip-on lenses
77Types of Customization
- Principles applied
- Identification of opportunities- design frames
with receptacles that allow them to be used with
either clip-on or magnetic attachable sunglasses.
- Standardizing interfaces - use standard size and
shape of frame/lens and clip-on lens interface.
78Types of Customization
- Safety Customization
- Includes modifications that make the product
safer to use. - No direct effect on product performance, but may
be necessary as a result of a performance
modification (i.e. drag race car needs a roll
cage and/or parachute if performance exceeds a
limit).
79Types of Customization
- Principles applied
- Identifying opportunities - design the rear seats
to accommodate different types of child safety
seats (old style without tether, new style
w/tether, ISO-FIX, etc.). - Identification of opportunities - design for lap
and shoulder belts in all three locations of the
rear seat.
80Types of Customization
- Principles applied (cont)
- Standardizing interfaces - design rear seat
dimensions and child seat attachment points to
accommodate common types of child seats.
81Types of Customization
- Safety Customization
- Child seat example (cont)-
- Include ISO-FIX attachment points.
- Standardize belt and buckle configurations.
- Allow for tether attachment
82Types of Customization
- Safety Customization child seat example (cont)
This is a back seat with the ISO-fix child seat
brackets and tether attachment. The child seat
attaches at these three points.
83Types of Customization
Tether attachments
84Types of Customization
- Safety Customization child seat example (cont)
ISO-fix bar
ISO-fix bar as installed
85Types of Customization
- Safety Customization non-automotive example Home
security system.
This home has been pre-wired for a home security
system.
86Types of Customization
- Principles applied
- Identification of opportunities - design a new
house to easily add an alarm system at a later
date. - Installation - pre-wiring for alarm sensors
87Types of Customization
- Performance Customization
- Enhances product performance such as
acceleration, deceleration, speed, efficiency,
and durability.
88Types of Customization
- Performance Customization
- Automotive example
- Supercharging an engine is one of the most common
aftermarket modifications.
89Types of Customization
- Performance Customization Supercharger example
(cont)
Before After
supercharger
90Types of Customization
- Principles applied
- Identification of opportunities - design engine
packaging to allow space for a supercharger. - System robustness - design lower end of engine
(block, crank, rods, pistons, bearings etc.) to
be able to handle a percentage increase in power
over advertised numbers.
91Types of Customization
- Principles applied (cont)
- System robustness Increase validation/testing
requirements and redesign as needed. - Installation leave FEAD architecture open to
allow blower belt to be added.
92Types of Customization
- Principles applied (cont)
- Identification of opportunities- design air inlet
tube to allow for blower inlet to be added-(may
use modular design as opposed to one solid piece
for stock tube).
93Types of Customization
- Performance Customization
- Non-automotive example
- Add a suspension fork to a mountain bike.
94Types of Customization
- Performance Customization
- Bike fork example (cont)
Standard non-suspended front fork.
95Types of Customization
- Performance Customization
- Bike fork example (cont)
Aftermarket Suspension fork
Uses standard frame interface
Uses standard quick release wheel mounting
96Types of Customization
- Performance Customization
- Bike fork example (cont)
Suspension fork added
97Types of Customization
- Principles applied
- Standardization of interfaces - design bike frame
to accept standard fork sizes. - Standardization of interfaces - design wheel
attachment for quick release (common among
mountain bikers).
98Design for Customization
- The previous slides were examples of products
designed for customization.
99Design for Customization
- Revisiting the vintage computer example, the
first PCs were not designed well for user
friendly customization.
100Design for Customization
For example, the 1984 Apple Macintosh had an
integral CPU, floppy disk drive and monitor. This
prevented the user from potentially upgrading any
of these components.
101Design for Customization
- DFC principles that were not followed
- Identification of opportunities they did not
anticipate a need for upgrading the monitor, hard
drive, or other hardware. - Simplification of interfaces the computer was
not partitioned into functional chunks.
102Design for Customization
- DFC principles that were not followed
- Installation cannot easily physically upgrade
the functional hardware elements. - Adaptability the computer could not adapt to
upgraded or improved hardware.
103Design for Customization
Over time, the computer industry began to apply
these principles to the PC, resulting in one of
the most customizable consumer products offered
today.
104Design for Customization
Removable CDROM drive, floppy drive.
Separate monitor, CPU and keyboard
105Design for Customization
- Design for Customization
- Introduction to DFC
- Key Principles of DFC
- DFC Considerations
- DFC Process
- Heuristics
- Types of Customization
- Examples
- References
106References
- Mark Rushbrook - Mustang Customization Leader,
Ford Motor Company - Brian Phillips - Mustang Customization Engineer,
Ford Motor Company - UDM MPD Design for Serviceability Lecture Notes
- Muscle Mustangs and Fast Fords, December 2001
- Tracy Kohler - Experimental Vehicles Technician,
Ford Motor Company - www.mustangworld.com
- www.classicdesignconcepts.com
- www.corral.net
- www.pattosoft.com.au/jason/Articles/HistoryOfCompu
ters/ - Ford Freestar, Vehicle Personalization, Ford
Motor Company 2003 -