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MPD 575 Design For Customization

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Title: MPD 575 Design For Customization


1
MPD 575Design For Customization
  • MPD 575
  • Jonathan Weaver

2
Development History
  • Developed by Cohort 2 team
  • Matthew Holl
  • Vinicius Jesus
  • Tony Lockwood
  • Steve Lutowsky
  • Additional content by Tjuana BufordCohort 8,
    November 2007

3
Design for Customization
  • Introduction to DFC
  • Key Principles of DFC
  • DFC Considerations
  • DFC Process
  • Heuristics
  • Types of Customization
  • Examples
  • References

4
Introduction to Customization
  • Consumers that wish to distinguish themselves may
    purchase accessories for various personal items
    such as their personal computers, vehicles,
    homes, etc.
  • The design of these items greatly affects the
    users ability to customize them to their
    preference.

5
Introduction to Customization
  • For example, vintage PCs required the user to
    manually install software drivers and alter CMOS
    settings when installing different hard drives,
    video cards, etc.

6
Introduction to Customization
  • This was very confusing for the common consumer,
    and greatly limited any customization a consumer
    would want to make to their computer.

7
Introduction to Customization
  • The principles, heuristics and process outlined
    in this lecture will illustrate how a product
    such as a PC can be designed for easier
    customization by the common consumer.

8
Introduction to Customization
  • Benefits
  • Customers will find a product more attractive if
    customizable.
  • Accessories may be sold separately to increase
    sales.
  • On average, customer satisfaction will increase.

9
Introduction to Customization
  • Stakeholders
  • OEM degree of customization influences sales
    and customer satisfaction.
  • Manufacturing/Assembly Plants will be affected
    by the design of the product.
  • Supply Chain will need to inventory and
    merchandise the product and accessories.
  • End user of the product will purchase or modify
    the product.

10
Introduction to Customization
  • Stakeholders
  • Aftermarket suppliers must design products that
    are affordable, attractive, unique, and either
    maintain or enhance performance of the product.
  • Dealers/Service Centers must provide repair
    and/or maintenance service on the product.

11
Design for Customization
  • Introduction to DFC
  • Key Principles of DFC
  • DFC Considerations
  • DFC Process
  • Heuristics
  • Types of Customization
  • Examples
  • References

12
Principles
  • Identification of opportunities
  • Simplification of interfaces
  • Adaptability
  • Installation/Serviceability
  • System robustness

13
Principles
  • DFC principles are directly related to the design
    for serviceability (DFS) principles.
  • Also related to design for reuse and reusability.

14
Identifying Potential Customization Opportunities
  • There are trade-offs between customization, cost,
    appearance, weight, performance, and durability.
  • Do not want to miss an opportunity for
    customization or compromise a design that
    customers will not customize.

15
Identifying Potential Customization Opportunities
  • Methods
  • Perform market studies and interview focus groups
    to understand how customers customize your
    product and competitors products.
  • Research current aftermarket product offerings.

16
Identifying Potential Customization Opportunities
  • Methods contd
  • Interview aftermarket suppliers to identify
    constraints and opportunities for customization
    and the supply chain.

17
Simplification of Interfaces
  • Simple and minimal interfaces between a component
    or system and its mating components and systems
    reduces the probability of compromising the
    system.
  • Simplifies aftermarket development.
  • Simplifies installation/modification process.

18
Simplification of Interfaces
  • Methods
  • Effective partitioning of the system establish
    system boundaries such that the number and
    complexity of the interfaces is minimized.
  • Minimize subsystem interfaces design functional
    chunks to reduce the number of interfaces.

19
Simplification of Interfaces
  • Methods contd
  • Standardizing interfaces utilize commonly used
    industry interfaces (i.e. use a com port computer
    interface for a PalmPilot instead of inventing a
    new interface).

20
Adaptability
  • Allows a system to be modified without
    compromising or interfering with overall system
    performance.
  • Minimizes the need for the system to be
    reconfigured to accept the modification.

21
Adaptability
  • Methods
  • Centralize system control one control system
    for all the interfacing subsystems so that a
    change in a subsystem can be detected and
    accounted for (i.e. a computer typically has one
    microprocessor).

22
Adaptability
  • Methods contd
  • Implement the required system feedback to allow
    the system to adapt to a modification

23
Installation/Serviceability
  • Customers want to easily personalize their
    products.
  • Reducing labor times and the need for special
    tools reduces cost and hassle to the customer.

24
Installation/Serviceability
  • Methods
  • Reduce customization costs (labor, tools, parts)
  • Reduce/eliminate potential for damage and injury
    during user modification
  • Allow aftermarket access to system requirements
    and specifications

25
Robustness
  • Customers do not want their product reliability
    adversely affected following a modification.
  • System upgrades to ensure durability should not
    be necessary following common customizations.

26
Robustness
  • Methods
  • Include common customizations during system
    target setting to minimize the negative effects
    on the durability of the product.
  • Ensure design validation testing accounts for
    these system targets.

27
Design for Customization
  • Introduction to DFC
  • Key Principles of DFC
  • DFC Considerations
  • DFC Process
  • Heuristics
  • Types of Customization
  • Examples
  • References

28
DFC Considerations
  • System level interfaces and effects at what
    level can a system be customized and not
    adversely affect other systems?
  • System sensitivity to component specifications
    requiring tight tolerances will increase
    aftermarket costs, reducing customer
    satisfaction.

29
DFC Considerations
  • Design to established aftermarket standards
    otherwise, aftermarket will take a long time to
    adapt to new technology.
  • Probability of customization how many customers
    will actually perform a modification?

30
DFC Considerations
  • Labor time how involved is the modification
    process?
  • Cost of customization an overly integral design
    can increase the cost of aftermarket parts.
  • Safety will a common modification result in a
    catastrophic system failure?

31
DFC Considerations
  • Damage potential for damaging nearby components
    during the modification process.
  • Tools are special tools required for
    customization?

32
DFC Considerations
  • Ease of customization is the customization
    procedure reasonable (i.e. easily performed by a
    customer)?
  • System robustness to customization will the
    modification result in immediate or latent
    system(s) failure?

33
Design for Customization
  • Introduction to DFC
  • Key Principles of DFC
  • DFC Considerations
  • DFC Process
  • Heuristics
  • Types of Customization
  • Examples
  • References

34
DFC Process
  1. Identify potential customization opportunities
  2. Determine customization strategy
  3. Include customization strategy in overall system
    architecture boundaries for customization
  4. Set design requirements and targets
  5. Define validation requirements
  6. Establishing warranty guidelines

35
DFC Process
  • Identifying potential customization opportunities
    may be accomplished multiple ways
  • Customer surveys
  • User focus groups
  • Competitive analysis
  • Aftermarket analysis

36
DFC Process
  • The architecting team then decides which
    customizations will be accounted for in the
    overall system architecture.

37
DFC Process
  • Setting design requirements/targets
  • Customization must be considered during the
    target setting phase of the product development
    process.
  • Evaluate the effects of each customization on
    each subsystem and the total system.

38
DFC Process
  • Setting design requirements/targets
  • Perform trade-off analysis between customization,
    cost, weight, packaging and performance.
  • The detail design and validation phases must then
    ensure a system robust to customization.

39
DFC Process
  • Optimizing system adaptability
  • Centralize system control and/or design an open
    architecture.
  • Minimize a sub-systems dependence on the overall
    systems performance.

40
DFC Process
  • Optimizing system adaptability
  • These should be done when establishing the
    overall system architecture in the system-level
    design phase of the product development process
    (PDP).

41
DFC Process
  • Standardizing interfaces
  • During system-level design, partition the system
    so that standard interfaces can be utilized.
  • Select/design the interfaces using industry
    standards (if they exist).
  • Otherwise, utilize an open architecture that is
    easily adaptable by the industry.

42
DFC Process
  • Establishing service guidelines
  • To avoid confusion and apprehension at service
    centers or dealerships, guidelines must be
    established to decide when to cover failures
    under warranty.

43
DFC Process
  • Establishing service guidelines contd
  • In addition, the service centers should be
    educated about the various forms of customization
    performed by customers, and how they affect the
    products performance.

44
DFC Process
  • Establishing service guidelines contd
  • Include acceptable forms of customization in the
    warranty section of the owners manual.
  • Provide dealership training.

45
Design for Customization
  • Introduction to DFC
  • Key Principles of DFC
  • DFC Considerations
  • DFC Process
  • Heuristics
  • Types of Customization
  • Examples
  • References

46
Heuristics
  • Minimize interfaces on a customizable
    component/system.
  • Avoid one-way only customization (can go back to
    baseline if necessary).
  • Centralize system control to maximize system
    adaptability.

47
Heuristics
  • Customization requirements must be included in
    the target setting phase of the product
    development process.
  • A modular architecture is more conducive to
    customization than an integral architecture.
  • Minimize a sub-systems dependence on the overall
    systems performance.

48
Design for Customization
  • Introduction to DFC
  • Key Principles of DFC
  • DFC Considerations
  • DFC Process
  • Heuristics
  • Types of Customization
  • Examples
  • References

49
Types of Customization
  • Cosmetic
  • Comfort
  • Sound
  • Scent
  • Visual
  • Safety
  • Performance

50
Types of Customization
  • Cosmetic Customization
  • Modifications that change or enhance a products
    appearance to the users preference.

51
Types of Customization
  • Automotive example of Cosmetic Customization
    automobile body kit

Before After
52
Types of Customization
  • Principles applied
  • Installation/serviceability design for modular
    and easily removable body panels.
  • System Robustness include risk of reduced air
    flow in potential failure mode analysis during
    system design.

53
Types of Customization
  • Automotive Example ofCosmetic Customization
    Rear Spoiler

Before After
54
Types of Customization
  • Principles applied
  • Identification of opportunities Opportunity to
    provide a customer delight, while releasing real
    estate within the plant
  • Installation/serviceability design for easy
    installation outside of plant but still required
    to pass vehicle operations inspection and
    requirements

55
Types of Customization
  • Installation/serviceability Method - Reduce
    customization costs (labor, tools, parts)
  • Workers in modification center are none union
    workers
  • Trained specifically for the task of installing
    the spoiler
  • The spoiler is installed after the van leaves the
    plant, but before it arrives to dealership.

56
Types of Customization
  • Installation/serviceability Method - Reduce
    customization costs (labor, tools, parts) Cont.
  • A simple, inexpensive gauge is used to check a
    tolerance

Requirement Not Met
Met Requirement
57
Types of Customization
  • Non-automotive example of Cosmetic Customization
    designer water faucet

Before After
58
Types of Customization
  • Principles applied
  • Installation/serviceability design sink using
    industry standard interface for water faucet.
  • Identification of opportunities market studies
    should reveal which styling accommodates the
    latest design trends to accommodate future
    customization.

59
Types of Customization
  • Comfort Customization
  • Tactile modifications that enhance customer touch
    points.
  • Ergonomic modifications that reduce the stress
    associated with using a product.

60
Types of Customization
  • Automotive example of Comfort Customization new
    seats

Before After
61
Types of Customization
  • Principles Applied
  • Installation/Serviceability design seat mount
    interface to be easily accessible.
  • Simplification of Interfaces design interface to
    use industry standard fasteners and connectors.

62
Types of Customization
  • Non-automotive example of Comfort Customization
    ergonomic computer keyboard

Before After
63
Types of Customization
  • Principles Applied
  • Simplification of Interfaces design keyboard-CPU
    interface to industry standards
  • Adaptability CPU accepts input from different
    brands and configurations of keyboards without
    reconfiguration

64
Types of Customization
  • Sound Customization
  • Includes auditory modifications that influence
    (either enhance or hide) the sound or sound
    quality of the product itself or some component
    of the product.

65
Types of Customization
  • Automotive example of Sound Customization tuned
    exhaust system

H-pipe with catalytic converters is separate from
mufflers.
Mufflers and exhaust tips are easily removable
for customization.
66
Types of Customization
  • Principles Applied
  • Installation/Serviceability design the exhaust
    system with easily removable mufflers and exhaust
    tips.
  • Identification of Opportunities keep the
    expensive and emissions-necessary catalytic
    converters separate from these components to
    facilitate future customization.

67
Types of Customization
  • Non-automotive example of Sound Customization
    home stereo system

Each component may be replaced with a different
make/model
receiver
equalizer
amplifier
cassette deck
68
Types of Customization
  • Principles Applied
  • Simplification of Interfaces design system with
    replaceable components using industry standard
    interfaces.
  • Identification of Opportunities keep packaging
    consistent with competition and aftermarket.

69
Types of Customization
  • Scent Customization
  • Includes scent modifications that influence
    (either enhance or hide) the smell of the product
    itself or some component of the product.

70
Types of Customization
  • Automotive example of Scent Customization
    interior scent sprays

Foul odor detected
Interior scent spray in use
71
Types of Customization
  • Principles Applied
  • Identification of Opportunities specify interior
    materials that do not emit or absorb any
    permanent scents to allow for future
    customization.
  • System Robustness specify interior materials
    that will not be damaged by interior scent
    sprays.

72
Types of Customization
  • Principles Applied
  • Identification of Opportunities specify
    construction materials that do not emit or absorb
    any permanent scents to allow for future
    customization.
  • System Robustness specify construction materials
    that will not be damaged by incense candles.

73
Types of Customization
  • Visual Customization
  • Enhances, heightens, or improves the users visual
    effect.
  • Allows the user to see, or be seen while using
    the product, such as night vision (infrared,
    thermal), brighter head lights, etc.

74
Types of Customization
  • Visual Customization Automotive example
    replacing standard fog lamps with high
    intensity driving lights.

Before After
75
Types of Customization
  • Principles applied
  • Identification of opportunities - design front
    fascia openings to accommodate popular
    aftermarket brands.
  • Simplification of interfaces - use standard
    mounting features for stock lights.
  • Installation/serviceability - provide extra long
    wiring.

76
Types of Customization
  • Visual Customization
  • Non-automotive example prescription eyewear that
    allows sunglass lenses to be attached.

snaps or magnetic features for clip-on lenses
77
Types of Customization
  • Principles applied
  • Identification of opportunities- design frames
    with receptacles that allow them to be used with
    either clip-on or magnetic attachable sunglasses.
  • Standardizing interfaces - use standard size and
    shape of frame/lens and clip-on lens interface.

78
Types of Customization
  • Safety Customization
  • Includes modifications that make the product
    safer to use.
  • No direct effect on product performance, but may
    be necessary as a result of a performance
    modification (i.e. drag race car needs a roll
    cage and/or parachute if performance exceeds a
    limit).

79
Types of Customization
  • Principles applied
  • Identifying opportunities - design the rear seats
    to accommodate different types of child safety
    seats (old style without tether, new style
    w/tether, ISO-FIX, etc.).
  • Identification of opportunities - design for lap
    and shoulder belts in all three locations of the
    rear seat.

80
Types of Customization
  • Principles applied (cont)
  • Standardizing interfaces - design rear seat
    dimensions and child seat attachment points to
    accommodate common types of child seats.

81
Types of Customization
  • Safety Customization
  • Child seat example (cont)-
  • Include ISO-FIX attachment points.
  • Standardize belt and buckle configurations.
  • Allow for tether attachment

82
Types of Customization
  • Safety Customization child seat example (cont)

This is a back seat with the ISO-fix child seat
brackets and tether attachment. The child seat
attaches at these three points.
83
Types of Customization
Tether attachments
84
Types of Customization
  • Safety Customization child seat example (cont)

ISO-fix bar
ISO-fix bar as installed
85
Types of Customization
  • Safety Customization non-automotive example Home
    security system.

This home has been pre-wired for a home security
system.
86
Types of Customization
  • Principles applied
  • Identification of opportunities - design a new
    house to easily add an alarm system at a later
    date.
  • Installation - pre-wiring for alarm sensors

87
Types of Customization
  • Performance Customization
  • Enhances product performance such as
    acceleration, deceleration, speed, efficiency,
    and durability.

88
Types of Customization
  • Performance Customization
  • Automotive example
  • Supercharging an engine is one of the most common
    aftermarket modifications.

89
Types of Customization
  • Performance Customization Supercharger example
    (cont)

Before After
supercharger
90
Types of Customization
  • Principles applied
  • Identification of opportunities - design engine
    packaging to allow space for a supercharger.
  • System robustness - design lower end of engine
    (block, crank, rods, pistons, bearings etc.) to
    be able to handle a percentage increase in power
    over advertised numbers.

91
Types of Customization
  • Principles applied (cont)
  • System robustness Increase validation/testing
    requirements and redesign as needed.
  • Installation leave FEAD architecture open to
    allow blower belt to be added.

92
Types of Customization
  • Principles applied (cont)
  • Identification of opportunities- design air inlet
    tube to allow for blower inlet to be added-(may
    use modular design as opposed to one solid piece
    for stock tube).

93
Types of Customization
  • Performance Customization
  • Non-automotive example
  • Add a suspension fork to a mountain bike.

94
Types of Customization
  • Performance Customization
  • Bike fork example (cont)

Standard non-suspended front fork.
95
Types of Customization
  • Performance Customization
  • Bike fork example (cont)

Aftermarket Suspension fork
Uses standard frame interface
Uses standard quick release wheel mounting
96
Types of Customization
  • Performance Customization
  • Bike fork example (cont)

Suspension fork added
97
Types of Customization
  • Principles applied
  • Standardization of interfaces - design bike frame
    to accept standard fork sizes.
  • Standardization of interfaces - design wheel
    attachment for quick release (common among
    mountain bikers).

98
Design for Customization
  • The previous slides were examples of products
    designed for customization.

99
Design for Customization
  • Revisiting the vintage computer example, the
    first PCs were not designed well for user
    friendly customization.

100
Design for Customization
For example, the 1984 Apple Macintosh had an
integral CPU, floppy disk drive and monitor. This
prevented the user from potentially upgrading any
of these components.
101
Design for Customization
  • DFC principles that were not followed
  • Identification of opportunities they did not
    anticipate a need for upgrading the monitor, hard
    drive, or other hardware.
  • Simplification of interfaces the computer was
    not partitioned into functional chunks.

102
Design for Customization
  • DFC principles that were not followed
  • Installation cannot easily physically upgrade
    the functional hardware elements.
  • Adaptability the computer could not adapt to
    upgraded or improved hardware.

103
Design for Customization
Over time, the computer industry began to apply
these principles to the PC, resulting in one of
the most customizable consumer products offered
today.
104
Design for Customization
Removable CDROM drive, floppy drive.
Separate monitor, CPU and keyboard
105
Design for Customization
  • Design for Customization
  • Introduction to DFC
  • Key Principles of DFC
  • DFC Considerations
  • DFC Process
  • Heuristics
  • Types of Customization
  • Examples
  • References

106
References
  • Mark Rushbrook - Mustang Customization Leader,
    Ford Motor Company
  • Brian Phillips - Mustang Customization Engineer,
    Ford Motor Company
  • UDM MPD Design for Serviceability Lecture Notes
  • Muscle Mustangs and Fast Fords, December 2001
  • Tracy Kohler - Experimental Vehicles Technician,
    Ford Motor Company
  • www.mustangworld.com
  • www.classicdesignconcepts.com
  • www.corral.net
  • www.pattosoft.com.au/jason/Articles/HistoryOfCompu
    ters/
  • Ford Freestar, Vehicle Personalization, Ford
    Motor Company 2003
  •     
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