Title: ALKANES
1ALKANES
- Contain single bonds
- CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
- Saturated hydrocarbon
- Substitution reaction
2Cycloalkanes
- If the carbon chain that forms the straight-chain
hydrocarbon is long enough, the two ends coming
together to form a cycloalkane. - One hydrogen atom has to be removed from each end
of the hydrocarbon chain to form the CC bond that
closes the ring. - Cycloalkanes therefore have two less hydrogen
atoms than the parent alkane and a generic
formula of CnH2n.
3Examples of cycloalkanes
- The smallest alkane that can form a ring is
cyclopropane, C3H6, in which the three carbon
atoms lie in the same plane. - The angle between adjacent CC bonds is only 60
as seen in the model below
4Molecular models of cycloalkanes
cyclopropane
cyclohexane
cyclobutane
cyclopentane
5Name the following
- The following compound, for example, is a
derivative of pentane because the longest chain
contains five carbon atoms
Thus, its name is 2-methylpentane
6Naming the cycloalkanes
- Find the longest continuous loop of carbon atoms
in the skeleton structure. - Name the compound as a derivative of the
cycloalkane with this number of carbon atoms 3-C
cyclopropane
4-C cyclobutane 5-C cyclopentane
7Name the following cycloalkanes
Rings (or cyclic compounds) are composed of rings
of carbon and sometimes oxygen or nitrogen. For
example, cyclohexane has a ring of six carbon
atoms.
cyclobutane
cyclopentane
cyclopropane
cyclohexane
bromocyclohexane
cyclohexane
cyclohexene
8Alkenes
- Contain a double bond
- Unsaturated
- Addition reactions
- CH2CH-CH2-CH3
- 1-butene
- Polymerize
9Alkynes
10 - WHAT IS AN ALKYNE ????
- WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE ?
- WHAT IS ITS STRUCTURE ?
- QUIZ
11 A hydrocarbon with triple bonds. These make up
the alkyne family
12EthyneC2H2
13 H- C C - H
14WHICH ONE IS AN ALKYNE?
Its not this one. Try again
You got it !!!!!
15HOW DO WE NAME IT ?
16Name the Alkane compound with an -yne ending for
a triple bond.
The alkane methane as an alkyne. What is its
name ?
methyne
17The aromatic hydrocarbons
Benezene is good example C6H6
- Interior ring formed by three double C-C bonds
- Also called a benzene ring
18The carboxylic acids
- Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group,
which is a contraction of the carbonyl and
hydroxyl names since carboxylic acids contain
both groups attached to one carbon. - Often written as RCOOH or RCO2H
- IUPAC Nomenclature
- Carboxylic acids are named by replacing the -e of
the alkane root name with -oic and adding the
word acid. Substituents on the chain are named as
usual.
19Some common acids
20IUPAC naming of acids
The table below gives common and IUPAC names for
some of the simple carboxylic acids.
21Alcohols
- ROH
- R alkyl group
- Poisonous
- Good solvents
- CH3CH2CH2OH
- 1-propanol
22Ethers
- R-O-R/
- If RR/ symmetrical
- CH3-O-CH3
- Dimethyl ether
- CH3-O-CH2CH3
- Ethylmethyl ether
- Non-polar solvents
23ALDEHYDES
- O
- Carbonyl group C
- O
- H - C -H
- Methanal
http//www.chem.uni.edu/macmilla/mcmurry/mcmurry_
chapter_19a/sld001.htm
24Esters
25Formed by a reaction of an acid and an alcohol.
Conversion of acids into esters is called
esterification.
Ester structure
26Ketones
27General structure RCOR'
Organic compounds, usually react
28AMINES
- Contain nitrogen
- R-NH2
- CH3-NH2
- Methylamine
- Polar substance