AHON Chapter 10 Section 2 Lecture Notes

1
Objectives

• Explain why Spain ceded Florida to the United
  States.
• Describe how Spanish territories in the Americas
  gained independence.
• Explain why the Monroe Doctrine was issued.
• Discuss how Canada became self-governing.

2
Terms and People

• cede to give up
• Miguel Hidalgo priest who organized an army of
  Native Americans that freed several Mexican
  provinces
• Simón Bolívar leader in South Americas
  struggle for independence from Spain
• James Monroe President of the United States
  from 1816 to 1824

3
Terms and People (continued)

• John Quincy Adams Secretary of State under
  President Monroe
• self-government the right of people to rule
  themselves independently

4

• Set Questions
• Think back from Section 1 (pages 340-344) to
  answer the following questions.
• What was the time period after the War of 1812 in
  American politics called?
• Who became President during this time period?
• What is interstate commerce?
• Name two countries today that practice some form
  of capitalism.
• Look at the map on page 341, how was the nation
  divided politically?

5
How did U.S. foreign affairs reflect a new
national confidence?
When members of Spanish and English colonies
began to rebel, European countries ultimately
failed to regain their power in the region.
President James Monroe stated that the United
States firmly opposed European influence in the
Americas.
6
In the early 1800s, Spain controlled a vast
amount of territory in the Americas.
However, Spains control in Florida was weak.
7
Fugitive slaves could easily cross from southern
plantations into Florida and join the Seminole
Nation.
Southern plantations
Fugitive slaves
Together, they would often raid American
settlements.
Florida
Seminoles
8
In 1817, the U.S. sent Andrew Jackson to
recapture slaves that had escaped to Florida.
Jackson went beyond his orders and seized two
Spanish towns.
Spain ceded Florida to the United States.
Spain could not protect Florida, so it decided to
give up the territory.
9
Latin American Revolutions Spains colonies in
Latin America wanted independence.
They were inspired by the revolutions in America
and France.
10
Mexico led the way in 1810.
Mexico became an independent monarchy in 1821,
and by 1823 it became a federal republic.
11
In South America, Simón Bolívar led several
independence movements.
In 1819, he defeated the Spanish in Columbia.
Today, this region includes
Venezuela
Columbia
Ecuador
Panama
He became president of the Republic of Great
Columbia.
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13
Other colonies followed. By 1825, most parts of
Latin America had thrown off European rule.
This led to the creation of many new Latin
American countries.
14
The future of these new countries was soon
clouded.
15
Britain agreed with the U.S. and wanted to issue
a joint statement.
President James Monroe and Secretary of State
John Quincy Adams did not want the U.S. to look
like Britains junior partner.
President Monroe decided to issue a statement.
16
In 1823, Monroe stated the Monroe Doctrine.
The U.S. would not allow European nations to
create American colonies or interfere with Latin
American nations.
17
At first, the United States relied on Britains
navy to enforce the Monroe Doctrine.
As U.S. power grew, the Monroe Doctrine boosted
U.S. influence in Latin America.
Americans were relieved that their southern
borders were secure from European powers.
18
Canada was also a British colony. In 1791, it was
divided into two parts.
In 1837, both parts rebelled against British rule.
Upper Canada
Canada
Britain ended the rebellions and unified the two
parts in 1841.
Lower Canada
Canadians also received more powers of
self-government.
19
Tension between the U.S. and Canada was high
after the War of 1812.
The U.S. and Britain settled border disputes with
Canada from 1818 to 1846.
Eventually, the U.S. and Canada established
excellent relations.
Their relations remain strong to this day.
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• Closing Questions
• What European empire was losing large amounts of
  land during this time period?
• What did that country cede to the United States?
• When does Mexico become independent?
• Who is the President that issued the Monroe
  Doctrine?
• What is the Monroe Doctrine?
• How are U.S.-Canadian diplomatic relations today?

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