United States Coal Generation

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United States Coal Generation

• Asia Pacific Partnership
• Brown Coal (Lignite) Best Practice Workshop
• Melbourne, Australia
• 23 - 27 June 2008

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Growing World Energy Demand
World Energy Consumption Today
World Energy Consumption 2030
465 QBtu or 490 EJ 86 Fossil Energy
722 QBtu or 761 EJ 87 Fossil Energy
World today and tomorrow data from EIA AEO 2007,
early release for years 2006 and 2030.
U.S. Department of Energy
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Current US Electricity Supply Mix
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Coal is expected to play a key role in growth of
Emerging Economies
Coal input
Global CO2 emissions from coal 11 GtCO2 in 2005,
19 GtCO2 in 2030
Source IEA, World Energy Outlook 2007, Reference
scenario.
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Age of Existing Coal-Fired Capacity in 2005 (MW)
in India, China, and USA
Data Source Platts UDI, 2005
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US Coal-Fired Power Plants
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US Coal-Producing Region
Source Platts
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US Coal Production, 1949-2006 (Million
Short Tons)
U.S. Department of Energy
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US Coal Production by Rank(2006)
Source EIA, International Energy
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US Lignite Composition

• The lignite in North Dakota and Texas have a high
  moisture content
• 20 to 40 weight percent
• A low heating value
• 5,000 to 7,500 British thermal units per pound
  Btu/lb, on a wet basis

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Great River Energy
Large Scale US DOE Demo Project
Lignite Fuel Enhancement - applicable to power
plants burning inherentlyhigh-moisture
coals. Achieving higher plant efficiencies, lower
operating costs, and lower emissions. Total
Project funding 25.6 million (DOE share 11
million).
Feeder
Wet Coal
To Boiler
Baghouse
Hopper
Fluidized Bed 1
Cyclone
546 MWe Coal Creek Station Underwood, ND
Fluidized Bed 2
Two-Stage Fluidized Bed Lignite Dryer System
using Waste Heat
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Efficiency Improvements of Coal-Fired Electric
Generating Units

• U.S. coal fleet current operating heat rate is
  10,400 Btu/kWh
• Efficiency of a new power plant is largely a
  function of economic choice
• To produce higher efficiencies, higher pressure
  and temperatures are required
• Power plant efficiency can add value by reducing
  the amount of fuel used and thereby the amount of
  CO2 emitted

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Conclusions

• Energy Produced by Coal Is Expected to Increase
  by 50 in the next 20-30 Years
• Increased Efficiency of Existing New Coal Fleet
  is an Imperative
• Characteristics of Coal Sources Is Changing
• Research Concerning Coal Drying is Critical

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Discussion

• Questions
• Comments

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India
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India
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India
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India
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India
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India
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India
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India
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India
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India
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India
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India
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India
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Extra Info

• Background Materials on RD

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Electricity Generation Capacity by Fuel Type in
2005 () China, India, and USA
Country Total Capacity (MW) Coal Capacity (MW)
India 116,860 67,296
USA 991,794 327,551
China 379,895 272,243
Data Source Platts UDI, 2005
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Age of Existing Coal-Fired Units in 2005 (Number
of Units) in India, China, and USA
Data Source Platts UDI, 2005
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Additional Slides onGreat River Energy

• DOE Factsheet

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Great River Energy

• Increasing Power Plant Efficiency Lignite Fuel
  Enhancement
• The objective of this project is to demonstrate
  that the moisture reduction of lignite coal will
  increase its value as a fuel in power plants
• The project will be conducted at the Great River
  Energys Coal Creek Station in Underwood, North
  Dakota.
• The demonstration activities
• will focus on using waste heat
• in the plant to lower the
• moisture content of lignite
• (typically about 40 percent moisture)

Coal Creek Station
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Increasing Power Plant Efficiency Lignite Fuel
Enhancement

• This technology could be applied to increase the
  generating capacity, efficiency, and
  cost-effectiveness of units that burn
  high-moisture coal.
• Currently in the U.S., units totaling more than
  100 GW installed capacity are burning coal with
  high moisture content.
• Application of this technology could result in a
  reduction in the emissions from coal-fired power
  plants because the plants will require less coal
  after it is dried to produce the same amount of
  power.
• In this project, the moisture in the lignite
  would be lowered by about ten percentage points.
• This technology increases the efficiency of
  plants burning lignite and other high moisture
  coals.