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Eeng 360 1

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Generation of VSB Double Side Band ... The percentage of positive modulation on an AM signal is The percentage of negative modulation on an AM signal is ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Eeng 360 1


1
  • Chapter 5
  • AM, FM, and Digital Modulated Systems
  • Amplitude Modulation (AM)
  • Double Sideband Suppressed carrier (DSSC)
  • Assymetric Sideband Signals
  • Single sideband signals (SSB)
  • Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

Huseyin Bilgekul Eeng360 Communication Systems
I Department of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering Eastern Mediterranean University
2
Bandpass Signaling Review
  • The modulated bandpass signal can be described by

Modulation Mapping function Convert m(t)
?g(t) Ref Table 4-1
  • The voltage spectrum of the bandpass signal is
  • The PSD of the bandpass signal is

3
Amplitude Modulation
  • The Complex Envelope of an AM signal is given by

Ac indicates the power level of AM and m(t) is
the Modulating Signal
  • Representation of an AM signal is given by
  • Ac1m(t) In-phase component x(t)
  • If m(t) has a peak positive values of 1 and a
    peak negative value of -1

AM signal ? 100 modulated
  • Envelope detection can be used if modulation
    is less than 100.

4
Amplitude Modulation
An Example of a message signal m(t)
Waveform for Amplitude modulation of the message
signal m(t)
5
Amplitude Modulation
B
An Example of message energy spectral density.
Carrier component together with the message
2B
Energy spectrum of the AM modulated message
signal.
6
AM Percentage Modulation
  • Definition The percentage of positive
    modulation on an AM signal is
  • The percentage of negative modulation on an AM
    signal is
  • The percentage of overall modulation is

If m(t) has a peak positive values of 1 and a
peak negative value of -1 AM signal ? 100
modulated
7
AM Signal Waveform
Positive modulation 50 Negative
modulation 50 Overall Modulation 50
Amax 1.5Ac Amin 0.5 Ac
8
AM Percentage Modulation
9
AM Normalized Average Power
The normalized average power of the AM signal is
If the modulation contains no dc level, then
The normalized power of the AM signal is
Discrete Carrier Power
Sideband power
10
AM Modulation Efficiency
  • Definition The Modulation Efficiency is the
    percentage of the total power of the modulated
    signal that conveys information.

Only Sideband Components Convey information
Modulation Efficiency
Highest efficiency for a 100 AM signal 50 -
square wave modulation
Normalized Peak Envelope Power (PEP) of the AM
signal
Voltage Spectrum of the AM signal
Translated Message Signal
Unmodulated Carrier Spectral Component
11
Example 5-1. Power of an AM signal
Suppose that a 5000-W AM transmitter is connected
to a 50 ohm load
Without Modulation
Then the constant Ac is given by
If the transmitter is then 100 modulated by a
1000-Hz test tone , the total (carrier
sideband) average power will be
The peak voltage (100 modulation) is (2)(707)
1414 V across the 50 ohm load.
The modulation efficiency would be 33 since lt
m2(t) gt1/2
12
Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier (DSBSC)
  • Power in a AM signal is given by
  • DSBSC is obtained by eliminating carrier
    component
  • If m(t) is assumed to have a zero DC level, then

Power ?
  • Disadvantages of DSBSC
  • Less information about the carrier will be
    delivered to the receiver.
  • Needs a coherent carrier detector at receiver

13
DSBSC Modulation
B
An Example of message energy spectral density.
No Extra Carrier component
2B
Energy spectrum of the DSBSC modulated message
signal.
14
Carrier Recovery for DSBSC Demodulation
  • Coherent reference for product detection of
    DSBSC can not be obtained by the use of ordinary
    PLL because there are no spectral line components
    at fc.

15
Carrier Recovery for DSBSC Demodulation
  • A squaring loop can also be used to obtain
    coherent reference carrier for product detection
    of DSBSC. A frequency divider is needed to bring
    the double carrier frequency to fc.

16
Single Sideband (SSB) Modulation
  • An upper single sideband (USSB) signal has a
    zero-valued spectrum for
  • A lower single sideband (LSSB) signal has a
    zero-valued spectrum for
  • SSB-AM popular method BW is same as that of
    the modulating signal.

Note Normally SSB refers to SSB-AM type of
signal
17
Single Sideband Signal
  • Theorem A SSB signal has Complex Envelope and
    bandpass form as

Upper sign (-) ? USSB Lower sign ()
? LSSB
Hilbert Transform corresponds to a -900 phase
shift
18
Single Sideband Signal
Proof Fourier transform of the complex envelope
Upper sign ? USSB Lower sign ? LSSB
Upper sign ? USSB
If lower signs were used ? LSSB signal would have
been obtained
19
Single Sideband Signal
20
SSB - Power
The normalized average power of the SSB signal
Hilbert transform does not change power.
SSB signal power is
Power of the modulating signal
Power gain factor
The normalized peak envelope (PEP) power is
21
Generation of SSB
SSB signals have both AM and PM.
The complex envelope of SSB
For the AM component,
For the PM component,
Advantages of SSB
  • Superior detected signal-to-noise ratio compared
    to that of AM
  • SSB has one-half the bandwidth of AM or DSB-SC
    signals

22
Generation of SSB
  • SSB Can be generated using two techniques
  • Phasing method
  • Filter Method
  • Phasing method
  • This method is a special modulation type of IQ
    canonical form
  • of Generalized transmitters discussed in Chapter
    4 ( Fig 4.28)

23
Generation of SSB
  • Filter Method
  • The filtering method is a special case in which
    RF processing (with a
  • sideband filter) is used to form the equivalent
    g(t), instead of using
  • baseband processing to generate g(m) directly.
    The filter method is the
  • most popular method because excellent sideband
    suppression can be
  • obtained when a crystal oscillator is used for
    the sideband filter.
  • Crystal filters are relatively inexpensive when
    produced in quantity at
  • standard IF frequencies.

24
Weavers Method for Generating SSB.
25
Generation of VSB
26
Frequency Divison Multiplexing
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