Joseph Y-W. Deng

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???????

• Joseph Y-W. Deng
• http//www.ywdeng.idv.tw

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Vacuum Tube ???
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Transistor???
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Integrated Circuit (IC)????
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Mainframe IBM 360

• Until the early 1960's, every computer model was
  generally designed independently, and sometimes
  individual machines were custom modified for a
  particular customer. IBM changed this forever,
  when they announced the IBM-360 family of
  computers in April 1964.
• Some pictures here

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PDP (Programmable Data Processor)

• In 1957, Ken Olson and Harlan Anderson founded
  Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)
• DEC's first computer, the PDP-1, sold for only
  120,000 at a time when other computers sold for
  over 1,000,000.
• PDP-8 1965 18,500 12-bit. Where UNIX was born.

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PDP-11
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Micro, Midrange, and Mainframe

• Three basic size of computers
• The boundaries between these categories of
  computers are shifting

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Requirements Definition and Computer Size

• The deciding factor is not the size of a firm but
  its structure
• Number of users (simultaneous access)
• Size of data
• Centralized v.s. distributed

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Microcomputers

• Single-chip central processing unit (CPU)
• VLSI technology
• Microprocessor
• Personal Computer (PC)
• Low-cost
• DOS, Windows
• Workstation
• Networked Computers
• UNIX
• Notebook computers

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PC Evolutions

• Motorola
• 6502 (Apple II)
• 680x0 (Macintosh)
• IBM Motorola
• PowerPC (Power Mac)

• Intel
• 8086, 8088, 80186 (IBM PC, PC XT)
• 80286, 80386, 80486 (PC AT)
• Pentium (586)
• Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium !!!, Pentium 4
  (686)

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Moore's Law

• Dr. Gordon E. Moore
• Co-founder and chairman emeritus of Intel
  Corporation
• The number of transistors per integrated circuit
  would double every 18 months
• So does the computing power of microprocessors

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CPU Year Transistors
4004 1971 2,250
8008 1972 2,500
8080 1974 5,000
8086 1978 29,000
80286 1982 120,000
80386 1985 275,000
80486 DX 1989 1,180,000
Pentium 1993 3,100,000
Pentium II 1997 7,500,000
Pentium III 1999 24,000,000
Pentium 4 2000 42,000,000
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PC Vendors

• IBM
• Compaq
• Dell
• Hewlett-Packard (HP)
• Unisys
• Texas Instruments
• Gateway
• Apple Computer, Inc.

• NEC
• Hitachi
• Toshiba
• Seiko Epson
• Fujitsu
• Acer
• ASUS
• LEMEL
• LEO
• TATUNG

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Apple II
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IBM PC
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Apple Computer

• Steve Jobs
• Apple
• The First Personal Computer
• Macintosh
• Power Mac, iMac, iBook
• iPod

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iMac G5
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iPod
iPod ??????,??? iPod nano ???????? iPod mini
???,??????????
Nano
Shuffle
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iPod mini
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iPod Nano
nano?1.5?LCD?176 x 132???, ????????iPod????
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iPod Nano
???????,iPod nano ???????
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Workstation Vendors

• Sun Microsystems
• Hewlett-Packard Company (HP)
• International Business Machines (IBM)
• Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI)
• Compaq

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Sun Microsystems

• SUN Stanford University Network
• CPU
• ULTRASPARC, AMD Operon
• OS
• SunOS, Solaris
• Features
• Scientific computing
• Network servers
• Products
• Sun Blade
• Java Workstation

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Hewlett-Packard

• CPU
• PA-RISC, Pentium 4, Itanium (IA64)
• OS
• HP-UX, Windows, Linux
• Features
• Engineering computing
• Business computing
• Products
• b, c, j, x, i-series

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IBM

• CPU
• PowerPC, Pentium !!!, Pentium 4
• OS
• AIX, Linux, Windows
• Features
• Business computing
• Products
• IntelliStation
• RS/6000

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SGI

• CPU
• MIPS, Itanium
• OS
• IRIX, Linux
• Features
• Graphics
• Products
• Fuel, O2, Octane2

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Compaq

• Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)
• CPU
• Intel Pentium 4, Alpha
• OS
• Windows, Tru64 UNIX,Open VMS, Linux
• Features
• Computing ?
• Products
• Evo, AlphaStation

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Midrange Computers

• When microcomputers do not have enough capacity
  and a mainframe is too complex
• Server Computers

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Server Computers

• High-end CPU
• Multi-processor
• Huge RAM
• Fast network
• SCSI disks
• Rack mounted
• High availability
• RAID Disk arrays
• Hot-swap devices

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Blade Server?????
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Mainframe Computers

• Mainframe are needed when
• All employees are centralized located (10,000
  employees)

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IBM Mainframes

• zSeries 800, 900, 990, 890
• S/390 G5/G6, Multiprice 3000

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IBM zSeries 990
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Sun Mainframes

• Sun Fire E25K
• up to 72 UltraSPARC IV processors
• supports over 1/2 TB of memory per domain
• Price
• S 752,085
• M 1,721,085
• L 3,218,085

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HP Mainframe

• HP Superdome

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Fujitsu Mainframe

• Fujitsu GlobalServer

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Supercomputer????
San Diego Supercomputer Center
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Electronic Storage Devices

• Floppy disk drive
• ZIP, 100MB750MB
• Fixed disk drive (hard disk)
• Disk array (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk)
• Tape drive (Cartridge, QIC, DAT)
• MO
• CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD

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Monitors

• CRT
• LCD
• Plasma

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Printers

• Dot-matrix printer
• Laser printer
• Ink-jet printer
• Thermal-transfer printer
• Thermal-wax-transfer printer
• Thermal-dye-transfer printer
• Solid-ink (solid-wax)
• Electrothermal printer

• Line printers
• Page printers

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Plotters

• Ink-jet plotters
• Electrostatic plotters

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Scanners

• Flatbed scanners
• Hand held scanners
• DPI dot per inch
• OCR
• Optical Character Recognition
• Barcode Reader

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Mice and Other Graphics Pointers

• Mice, mouse
• Light pen
• Touch screen display
• Joystick
• Track ball
• Touchpad
• Pointing stick

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Telecommunication Equipment

• Modem (Modulator/Demodulator)
• LAN (Local Area Network)
• Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet
• Token-ring
• Token bus
• FDDI

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Network Topologies

• Bus
• Star
• Ring
• Mesh
• Tree

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Cables and Other Eletromechanical Components

• Coaxial cable
• Twist-pair cable
• CAT 3
• CAT 5
• CAT 6
• Optical Fiber
• Single mode (yellow)
• Multi-mode (orange)

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Devices for the Disabled

• Braille printers
• Print readers
• Talking terminals
• Voice-activated terminals
• Phone line with telecommunications devices
• Audio input

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Factors in Selecting Hardware

• Select software first
• The role of operating systems in hardware
  selection
• Hardware reliability and service reputation
• Manufacturers stability
• Hardware expandability