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The Progressive Era

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The Progressive Era The Progressive Era 1890-1920 Political and social reform movement Did not seek to overthrow capitalism, but rather address the massive problems ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Progressive Era


1
The Progressive Era
2
The Progressive Era
  • 1890-1920
  • Political and social reform movement
  • Did not seek to overthrow capitalism, but rather
    address the massive problems of urbanization and
    industrialization
  • Mainly a white, middle-class movement. Did NOT
    address racial issues.

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4
The Muckrakers
  • Journalists who exposed social problems and
    political corruption but did not propose
    solutions
  • Thomas Nast cartoonist known for exposing Boss
    Tweed
  • Upton Sinclair His book The Jungle exposed
    unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry
  • Ida Tarbell journalist who wrote about the
    Standard Oil Company
  • Lincoln Steffens exposed corruption in city
    government in St. Louis

5
Progressive ReformsPolitical
  • Problem Politics controlled by political
    machines (bosses)
  • The most famous political machine, Tammany Hall,
    was brought down by the most famous political
    cartoonist, Thomas Nast.
  • Political cartoons are often most effective
    because they inspire emotion and reach
    populations of all educational levels

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11
  • Solutions
  • 17th Amendment people, NOT state legislatures
    elect senators
  • Recall Remove a corrupt elected official
  • Referendum Allows voters to approve/reject a
    law (taxes)
  • Initiative Allows voters to propose laws
  • Secret ballot end control of bosses

12
Progressive ReformsSocial
  • Problem child labor, working conditions,
    womens lack of the right to vote, domestic
    violence

13
These mill girls are in their early teens
14
These are Bobbin Boys small children could fit
into small places.
15
These boys work in a canning factory note the
condition of their hands.
16
This young man is 5 years old. He is a shrimp
picker.
17
The whole family was important as far as income
note the four year old girl standing on the board
and the child care.
18
These Breaker Boys work in the coal mines
19
These young ladies are fruit pickers
20
This family is doing piece-work, as is the next.
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This newsie is 5 years old and 41 inches tall.
23
This young man is 8 years old. He has just
recovered from his second bout with pneumonia.
24
Labor Reform
  • Workers quickly realized that they must join
    together to protect themselves
  • Sought to eliminate horrific sweatshop conditions
    public attention drawn to the issue by the 146
    deaths, mostly of teenage girls, in the 1911
    Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
  • Limits placed initially on the child labor (under
    14) and the hours of women

Family members try to identify fire victims in
the morgue.
25
These families are trying to identify victims of
the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1912)
26
  • Solutions
  • 16th Amendment legalized income tax
  • 18th Amendment Prohibition (no alcohol)
  • 19th Amendment Womens Suffrage
  • Newlands Act Protect Environment

27
Progressive ReformsEconomic
  • Problem trusts and monopolies controlling the
    economy
  • Solutions
  • Sherman Anti-Trust Act made monopolies/trusts
    illegal1st enforced in 1902
  • Hepburn Act created Interstate Commerce
    Commissioncontrolled interstate trade
  • Pure Food and Drug Act established FDA truth in
    labeling
  • Meat Inspection Act Government inspection of
    meat (The Jungle)
  • Federal Trade Commission Regulated unfair
    business practices

28
Legal Weapons of the Progressives
  • Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
  • Outlawed monopolies
  • First used by T. Roosevelttrustbuster
  • Northern Securities Company (1902)
  • 1st case brought by TR
  • TR started 44 anti-trust lawsuits
  • Made him very popular
  • United Mine Workers Strike (1902)
  • TR mediated strike
  • Square Deal each side receive fair treatment
    and consideration

29
Legal Weapons
  • Department of Commerce and Labor elevated to
    Cabinet Level (1903)
  • Hepburn Act (1906)
  • ICC createdto set just and reasonable RR rates
  • Can investigate/regulate express/sleeping car
    co.s, oil pipelines, ferries, terminals, and
    bridges that cross state lines
  • Limited ability for RR to give free passes

30
Legal Weapons
  • Meat Inspection Act (1906)
  • Direct result of The Jungle
  • Government inspectors check all meat crossing
    state lines
  • Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
  • FDA
  • Direct result of The Jungle
  • Banned manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure
    meat or mislabeled food/drugs across state lines

31
Legal Weapons
  • 16th Amendment (1913)
  • Established Federal Income Tax
  • 17th Amendment (1913)
  • Popular election of senators
  • Federal Reserve Act (1913)
  • Required federal and asked state banks to put
    their in district banks
  • Government control of the money supply

32
Legal Weapons
  • Federal Trade Commission (1914)
  • Prevented unfair business competition in
    interstate commerce
  • Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)
  • Different stock prices for different people
  • tying contract
  • Interlocking directories
  • Stock purchases lessened competition
  • Later Outlawed

33
Legal Weapons
  • 18th Amendment (1919)
  • Forbid manufacture, sale, or transportation of
    alcoholprohibition
  • 19th Amendment (1920)
  • Womens Right to Vote
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