Pre-Colombian Civilization!

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• Pre-Colombian Civilization!
• Unit II
• 600-1450 C.E.

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Maya

• 300 B.C.E.-900 C.E.
• Golden Age 500-850 C.E.
• Classical civilization
• Southern Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula), Central
  America
• Tikal

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Maya - Political

• City-states
• Relatively autonomous, but united under one king
• Warfare
• Religious
• Slaves
• Geography

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Maya Social, Cultural

• Social structure
• Kings, priests, nobility
• Merchants
• Peasants, slaves
• Gender
• Traditional roles for women
• Inherit land

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Maya - Religious

• Three-part world view
• Maize
• Sacrifices
• Pyramids
• Calendar
• Zero (Gupta!)

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Maya - Economic

• Agricultural
• Slash and burn
• Terrace, ridge field
• Maize, cotton

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Maya - Decline

• Disease, drought, internal unrest
• Remaining peoples
• Rigoberta Menchú

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Aztecs

• 1150 C.E.- 1450 C.E.
• Central Mexico
• Tenochtitlan
• Quetzalcoatl

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Aztecs - Political

• Expansionist, militant
• Professional army
• Sacrifices
• Autonomy, taxes (no bureaucracy)
• Roads
• Inter-territorial trade
• Guerras floridas

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Aztecs Social, Cultural

• Social Structure
• Warrior elite
• Maya
• Gender
• Women subordinate
• Inherit property
• Commerce
• Religion
• Military and religion
• Sacrifices

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Inca

• Early 13th century- 1450 C.E.
• Peruvian Andes
• Cuzco

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Inca - Political

• Expansionist
• Inti
• Professional standing army
• Most united empire!
• 1. bureaucracy
• 2. unified spoken language (Quechua)
• 3. roads
• Chasquis and quipus

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Inca Social, Cultural

• Gender
• Women subordinate
• Inherit property
• Commerce (weaving)
• More religious roles
• Religion
• Inti sun god, owns all
• No private property
• El Inca
• Smaller-scale sacrifice
• Morality
• Machu Picchu

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Comparison - Politically

• Motivations for expansion
• Maya slaves
• Aztec territory, sacrifices
• Inca religious
• Centralization
• Aztec and Maya city-state autonomy
• Inca most centralized
• Bureaucracy
• Unified language (Quechua)
• Roads

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Comparison - Socially

• All
• Peasant majority
• Slavery of conquered peoples
• Women subordinate except
• Inherit land
• Commerce
• Maya Merchant class
• Aztec Warrior elite
• Inca Religious elite, god-king (el Inca)

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Compare Aztecs to Romans

• 1. roads
• 2. autonomy but tribute
• 3. adapted ideas from conquered peoples
• 4. polytheistic

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AP Essays

• Mesoamerican civilization Mayas, Aztecs
• Andean civilization Incas
• Be able to compare Mayas to Unit I classical
  civilizations
• Understand how religion contextualized expansion
  (Unit II!)