SAFE PASSAGE FOR PEDESTRIANS

1
SAFE PASSAGE FOR PEDESTRIANS

• BY- Sh. Arun Kumar Sharma
• Chief Engineer (NE)
• M/o Road Transport Highways

2
(No Transcript)
3
Theory of Gravitation

• When apple fell down, Newton could have thought
  that apple has gone wrong and left the tree. But,
  he analyzed it in a total different approach.
  After thorough analysis, a theory of Gravitation
  being proposed by Newton.

4
Cause of Accidents

• When accident on road took place, we generally
  draw a conclusion that it has happened due to the
  fault of driver.
• The reason for this prejudice is that we dont
  actually study the actual cause of accidents.
• Drivers dont cause accidents.
• Drivers get involved in accidents due to
  insufficient information about condition of road,
  sight distance etc.

5
Decision Making

• For any decision making we gather information ,
  how a driver gets information about defects in
  road surface while being at high speed.
• Sometimes, due to lack of information drivers get
  involved in accidents.
• We inform drivers about condition of road
  through delineators, sign boards, pavement
  marking etc. and modern methods like variable
  message signs etc.
• It is our duty to provide information which
  driver gets at high speed and help him in taking
  decision.

6
Talk with drivers

• I have even talked to drivers to ascetain some of
  the common unsafe features of the road which are
  as follows-
• Branches of trees( street light is obstructed by
  trees)
• Temporary cuttings on roads
• Temporary obstructions such as barriers or
  diversion on roads
• Local subsidence/ depressions( overloaded vehicle
  overturns on such depressions)
• Local potholes( a scootrist got involved in
  accident)
• Lack of access control ( accidents with stray
  animals)
• Each driver has a storey to tell . Is there
  anybody to listen!

7
Potholes on roads

• Local subsidence
  Potholes
• Such potholes or subsidence are sufficient for a
  two wheeler to get involved in an accident.

8
Trees obstruct signboard, vehicle movement and
street light on pavement

9
Characteristics of Indian driver

• He is tired
• Not enough educated
• From other states, does not have prior knowledge
  of condition of road
• Driving overloaded vehicles
• Intoxicated by alcohol or drugs during accidents
• Over speeding, a fashion among young drivers
• Under fear of challan by traffic police, RTO or
  excise deptt. for carrying goods without papers

10
Function of road

• Speed function---100 km access limited.
• Access function---20 km access full allowed
• We have mixed both on our roads.
• All type of vehicles move on roads with different
  speeds.

11
Old story of washer man

• Ass -- to carry load of clothes
• Dog for security
• Dog left the washer man and Ass started doing the
  function of Dog when he noticed an intruder to
  the house.
• The gist is We, engineers, should build
  /provide hassle free roads.

12
Enforcement of traffic laws

• Responsibility of traffic police
• Traffic calming by speed breakers/rumble
  strips-accident at lean hours by two wheelers

13
Design requirements for pedestrian walkway

• Human energy used in walking
• Shortest path for crossing
• Least energy usage
• Crossing at grade v/s foot over bridges
• Visibility to drivers
• Shady trees for comfort during summer
• Convenience of pedestrians
• Facilities for disabled

14
Pedestrian Facilities

• Trips upto 1-2 kms in length by foot
• Look for pedestrian needs in the area
• Talk to pedestrians using the facility
• Design to ensure continuous flow

15
Footpath

• Both side of road
• Seperated by non-mountable kerbs-150mm
• Minimum width 1.8m
• Enhancement of environmental values and safety
  criteria for special areas like shopping centers
  and office complexes.Continuous ups and downs
  make the footpath uncomfortable to use by
  pedestrians
• Pedestrian Railings

16
Level Footpath
17
Raised Footpath
18
Crossing with Refuge island
19
Kerb Ramp

• Kerb ramp should have smooth transition for
  change in level between footpath and road
  carriageway
• Width of kerb ramp not less than 1200mm.
• Continuity with Zebra crossing markings

20
Thought for today

• Software of the whole world are being developed
  by Indians
• Then, WHY WE LACK IN ROAD SAFETY?
• Associate academic institution can help in
  removal of black spots.
• Is there any problem which doesnt have a
  solution ?

21
Factors contributing to pedestrian accidents

• When crossing a road combination of -
• Failure of initial judgment
• Failure to modify behavior of pedestrians
• Many pedestrian involved in an accident didnt
  see the vehicle, many of these were saying that
  they saw the vehicle too late
• Normally, pedestrian crashes occur near the bus
  stop

22
Fault of Drivers

• Aggressive driving Violating traffic signals and
  signs, right-of-way violations, incidents of road
  rage, improper turning and unsafe speeds are
  among the top causes of pedestrian accidents.
• Driver inattentiveness Speaking on a cell phone,
  eating or drinking while driving, changing the
  radio station, programming a GPS, putting on
  makeup and many other activities can distract a
  driver and cause accidents.

23
Pedestrian safety treatments

• Design strategies for pedestrians
• Segregation
• Spatial separation of pedestrians and vehicular
  network
• Avoid conflict points.
• Provide underpasses
• Provide guide blocks, Road side furniture,
  tactile pavers, vision impairment etc.

24
Pedestrian Barriers

• It is suggested that pedestrian barriers are most
  beneficial in particular situations
• Pedestrian overpasses
• Vehicle speeds are high
• High volumes of child pedestrians
• Little separation between roadway and sidewalk on
  high speed roads
• Near schools and other major pedestrian
  generators
• On bridges with both pedestrian and vehicular
  traffic

25
Pedestrian crossings

• Zebra crossing
• A combination of zebra crossing and a pedestrian
  operated signal is beneficial
• They are used on more heavily trafficked roads
• where there are heavy pedestrian flows which
  would cause delay to motorists
• They are used where sight distance is limited

26
Grade separated facilities

• Pedestrian overpass and underpass are appropriate
• High speed roadway
• High traffic flow
• Considerable pedestrian delay
• High pedestrian accident problem
• Restricted access to roadway

27
Facilities for disabled

• Use of ramps at curbs
• Attention to the maintenance of surfaces so a
  smooth, obstruction-free path is available at all
  times
• Raised guide strips at pedestrian crossings to
  provide assistance to the people with impaired
  vision
• Particular attention to road work and building
  sites to ensure adequate pedestrian facility
  remain in place

28
Lighting

• To provide a measure of personal security
• Enables pedestrians to see obstacle at night
• Appropriate level of lighting should be provided
• Higher level of lighting intensity are necessary
  at
• pedestrian crossings
• Refuge islands
• Outside commercial and retail establishments
  which trade at night
• Pedestrian underpasses
• Boards in Delhi Metros
• Use stairs for good health
• Drive pleasure in walking

29
Where to walk on the road

• Pedestrian should always walk on kerb, footpath
  or shoulder.
• If there is no kerb footpath or shoulder,
  pedestrian should always walk close to the right
  side of the road such that they are facing the
  oncoming traffic and can see it.
• Pedestrian must keep as close to the side of the
  road and not walk more than two side by side.
• Elders must accompany children and they must keep
  themselves between the traffic and the children

30
What to wear

• Pedestrians must always wear or carry white or
  light coloured clothes or vests with reflective
  tapes in the dark or in poor light
• As reflective material can be seen in headlights
  at upto three times the distance compared to
  ordinary clothes.
• Blind persons walking along a road at night must
  carry a stick with reflective paint or tapes

31
Where to cross

• The pedestrian must cross the road on an
  intersection with traffic light only.
• All efforts should also be made to use pedestrian
  foot-bridge or subway if they are within
  reasonable distance. Otherwise, cross under the
  street lamp where you can be seen
• It is extremely dangerous to jump guard rails and
  to cross roads at such places

32
Special Situations

• Railway crossings.
• Dont cross when the crossing gate has began to
  fall.
• Dont try to squeeze under the gate to cross.
• Emergency vehicles.
• Pedestrian should clear off the road and stand on
  the side on hearing an ambulance, a fire engine
  or other emergency vehicle with its lamp flashing

33
IRC documents for pedestrians

• Guidelines for Pedestrian facilities.
  IRC103-1988
• MORTH publication for safety in road design
• Highway safety code. IRC SP441994
• Road safety for children. IRCSP441994
• Code of practice for road marking. IRC351997
• Road safety audit manual.IRCSP882010
• Code for practice for road signs( second
  revision).IRC67-2010
• Recommended practice for road delineators.
  IRC79-1981

34
Traffic controller near school
35
Traffic signs

36
Wide Refuge island

37
Push Button facility for pedestrians

38

39
Proper lighting facility

40
Dont violate traffic rules

41
Dont violate traffic rules (continued)

• Use of cell phone Unnecessary Chasing
• while driving Vehicles

42
Dont violate traffic rules (continued)

43
Dont violate traffic rules (continued)

44
Dont violate traffic rules (continued)

45
Dont violate traffic rules (continued)
46
Thank you