Scaffold Appreciation

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Scaffold Appreciation

• Session 2
• Components and Terminology

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Right Angle Coupler

• Load bearing coupler used to join tubes at right
  angles.

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Universal Coupler

• Load bearing coupler used for joining tubes at
  right angles or in parallel

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Brace Coupler

• A coupler used for fixing braces which may be a
  right angle coupler or any other coupler capable
  of sustaining 5 KN

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Swivel Coupler

• A load bearing coupler for joining tubes at any
  angle when the use of a right angle coupler is
  not possible.

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Reveal Pin

• A fitting used for tightening a reveal tube
  between two opposing surfaces

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Base Plate

• A metal plate with a spigot for distributing the
  load from a standard or raker or other load
  bearing tube.

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Toeboard Clip

• A clip used for attaching toeboards to tubes.

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Adjustable Base Plate

• A metal base plate utilising a screwjack

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Stair Tread Coupler

• An attachment fitted on tubes to provide support
  for treads in making an access stairway.

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Joint Pin

• An expanding fitting placed in the bore of a tube
  to connect one tube to another coaxially, in
  compression only.

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Final Coupler

• A fitting which permits tubes to be joined in the
  same plane, e.g. handrails at the top of
  standards.

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Sleeve Coupler

• An external coupler used to join one tube to
  another coaxially.

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Fork Head

• A support bracket for a timber bearer or joist
  used at the top of a scaffold tube or on an
  adjustable leg.

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Putlog Coupler

• A coupler used for fixing a transom to a ledger,
  or to connect a tube used only as a guardrail to
  a standard.
• NOT STRUCTURAL

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Independent Tied Scaffolds
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Base

• Base
• Level and compacted ground
• Timber sole plates at least 220mm wide and 35mm
  thick (standard board)
• Sole plate should support at least 2 standards
• Do not use bricks, paving slabs etc. as they can
  shatter

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Illustration
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Illustration
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Illustration
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Standards

• Standards
• Vertical Tubes
• Indepedent scaffold has 2 rows.
• Joints should be staggered
• Inner standard 325mm away from building
• Spacing depends on loading

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Ledgers

• Ledgers
• Horizontal tubes, that keep standards equidistant
• Fixed with right angle couplers (not swivel
  couplers)
• Jointed with sleeve couplers
• Joints should be staggered

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Transoms

• Transoms
• Keep the inner and outer row of standards
  equidistant
• Transoms fixed to ledgers or standards with right
  angle or putlog couplers.
• Should be spaced so no board overhangs by more
  than 150mm or less than 50mm
• Should not protrude excessively

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Bracing

• Bracing
• Essential to stiffen the structure
• Ledger bracing runs diagonally from ledger to
  ledger or standard to standard in zig zag fashion
• Facade bracing either runs across the face at 45
  or zig zag fashion.
• Should be provided at 30m intervals
• Joints should be made with sleeve couplers
• Should not be removed to allow passage of
  materials

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Ties

• Ties
• Means of resisting inward and outward movement of
  scaffolds
• Must be made using right angle couplers
• Strength of structure tied to must be established
• Should be considered at the design stage

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Through Ties

• Through Ties
• A tie assembly through a window or other opening
• Safe working capacity 6.25 KN

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Reveal Ties

• Reveal Ties
• Assembly of a reveal tube with wedges or a screw
  fitting between opposing faces of an opening
• Safe working load 3.25KN (friction)
• Safe working load 6.25KN (behind a load bearing
  feature)

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Box Tie

• Box Tie
• Assembly of tubes and couplers usually around
  columns or other elements of the building
• Safe working capacity 6.25KN
• Double tied safe working capacity 12.5KN (two
  tubes and couplers)

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Lip Tie

• Lip Tie
• L shaped arrangement to hook scaffolding behind
  building elements such as sills or lintels
• Inward movement resisted by a butting transom
• Safe working capacity 6.25KN

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Cast In and Drilled Anchorages

• Cast In and Drilled Anchorages
• Provided by casting in or drilling and
  subsequently fixing a threaded anchor into the
  structure
• Attachment of the scaffold is by means of a ring
  bolt
• Dependent on the structural condition of the
  material
• Safe working capacity 6.25KN
• Pull out tests should be undertaken
• Useful at the design stage if further scaffolding
  is required during the life of the structure.

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Ties General Rules

• Should be left undisturbed for the life of the
  scaffold
• Moveable ties should be replaced prior to moving
• Planning is essential as tie removal will make
  the scaffold less stable
• Spacing should be 8.5m horizontally or vertically

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Spacing of Ties
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Working Platforms

• Working Platforms
• All boards should rest squarely and evenly on
  transoms
• Each board should have at least 3 supports
• All boards should be marked with their maximum
  span
• Transoms should be doubled where boards need to
  butt

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Illustration
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Working Platforms Ctd.

• The surface of the platform should be even to
  prevent tripping
• Precautions must be taken to prevent boards
  lifting in high winds using straps or clamps
• No board should overhang by more than 4 times its
  thickness, i.e. 150mm for a 38mm board

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Platform Widths

• 3 Boards 600mm minimum width
• 4 Boards 800mm can be used for stacking materials
  (Most common)
• 5 Boards 1000mm allows 600mm for barrows when
  working with stacked materials
• 6 Boards 1200mm used by masons for dressing stone
• When materials are deposited a clearway of 430mm
  should be maintained for pedestrians and 600mm
  for materials
• The space between the scaffold and the building
  should not exceed 300mm.

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Toeboards and Guardrails

• Required at outsides and all ends of platforms
• Should be fitted to the insides of standards
• Toeboards at least 150mm high
• Guardrail at least 910mm above working platform
• No gap more than 470mm
• Needs the use of an intermediate guardrail or
  SUBSTANTIAL brickguards
• Brickguards are essential for platforms used for
  material storage

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Access and Egress - Ladders

• Ladders must be on a firm even base
• Stiles must be securely lashed of fixed with a
  ladder clamp to a ledger or transom
• 75 angle of 1 in 4
• Rungs at stepping of points should be level with
  the platform
• Higher than 9m ladders should have an
  intermediate landing
• Ladders should be removed or boarded out of hors
  to prevent unauthorised access

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Landing Places and Stairs

• All intermediate landing places should be
  protected with guardrails and toeboards
• Openings should not exceed 500mm in width
• Stairs must be kept free of all obstructions
• Stairs should have guardrails and handrails at
  910mm and 470mm.

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Summary